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Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

Potential energy

A

Product of mass, gravity, and height that is converted into kinetic energy

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2
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of a moving object

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3
Q

Work

A

Product of force times distance

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4
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy from motion and is subdivided into kinetic energy and potential energy.

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5
Q

The energy available to cause injury ____ when an object’s weight doubles, but ____ when its speed doubles.

A

doubles; quadruples

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6
Q

Significant MOI for adults

A 
Multisystem trauma
Ejection from vehicle
Death of passenger in the same vehicle
Fall from a height >20 feet
Unrestrained vehicle rollover
High-speed (>40 mph) vehicle crash
Vehicle-pedestrian collision
Motorcycle crash of >20 mph
AMS
Penetrating trauma to head, chest, or abd
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7
Q

Significant MOI for children

A

Multisystem trauma
Ejection from vehicle
Death of passenger in same vehicle
Fall >10 feet or two-three times child’s height
Fall of <10 feet w/ LOC
Medium-to-high-speed vehicle crash (=>25 mph)
Bicycle crash
AMS
Penetrating trauma to the head, chest, or abd

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8
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Force to the body that causes injury w/o penetrating the soft tissue or internal organs and cavities

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9
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

Injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the surface of the body and injury the soft tissues, internal organs, and body cavities.

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10
Q

Top five causes of death from unintentional injury in the US:

A

Poisonings (OD), MVCs, falls, choking and suffocation, and drowning.

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11
Q

MVCs consist of three collisions :

A

Collision of the car against another car, tree, or some other object.
Collision of the passenger against the interior of the car.
Collisions of the passenger’s internal organs against the solid structures of the body.

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12
Q

Coup-countercoup brain injury

A

Compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing of the posterior portion of the brain.

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13
Q

What signs of vehicle deformity should you have a high suspicion of significant MOIs?

A

Severe deformities of the frontal portion, w/ or w/o intrusion into the passenger compartment.
Moderate intrusions of lateral collision.
Severe damage to the rear.
Rotational collision - rollovers and spins.

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14
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the front end of a vehicle is deformed and the windshield is cracked? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : bruises or lacerations to head and/or face

Potential injuries : brain injury; scalp, facial cutes; c-spine injuries; tracheal injuries

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15
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the steering column is deformed? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : Bruised neck and/or chest

Potential injuries : sternal or rib fx, flail chest; myocardial contusion’ pericardial tamponade; pneumothorax or hemothorax; exsanguination from aortic tear

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16
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the dashboard is deformed? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : bruised abdomen; bruised knee, dislocated patella

Potential injuries : ruptured spleen, liver, bowel, diaphragm; patella fx; dislocated knee; femoral fx; dislocated hip

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17
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the vehicle is deformed on one side? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : bruised shoulder

Potential injuries : clavicle fx; humerus fx; multiple rib fx

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18
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the door of a vehicle is smashed in? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : bruised shoulder or pelvic

Potential injuries : hip fx; iliac wing fx; clavicle or ribs fx

19
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the “B” pillar is deformed? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : Bruised temple

Potential injuries : brain injury; c-spine fx

20
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the door or window handles are broken? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : bruised or deformed arms

Potential injuries : contusions

21
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when the window is broken in a vehicle? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : dicing lacerations

Potential injuries : multiple lacerations

22
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when posterior deformity of the vehicle? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : secondary anterior injuries, especially if unrestrained

Potential injuries : whiplash; deceleration injuries of a head-on impact

23
Q

What are body clues would you suspect to see when headrest is not adjusted? What are the potential injuries?

A

Body clues : none

Potential injuries : bleeding, bruising, or tearing inside skull

24
Q

What type of injuries would you suspect from a seatbelt?

A

Chest injuries
Abdominal injuries, especially in peds
Hip injuries
Lumbar spine fx, especially in elderly

25
Q

What type of injuries would you suspect from an airbag deployment?

A

Injuries to face, neck, chest, and abdomen including internal organs.

26
Q

Up-and-over pathway injuries from a frontal collision.

A

Head injuries
Spine injuries
Chest injuries - rib fx, flailed chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, contusions, great vessel injury
Vena cava
Aorta
Abdominal injuries - solid organs, hollow organs, diaphragm
Pelvis fx

27
Q

Down-and-under pathway injuries from frontal collision.

A

Posterior knee and hip dislocations
Femur fx
LE fx
Pelvic and acetabular fx

28
Q

Potential injuries and s/s of a blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck?

A

Potential injuries : Airway obstruction from bleeding, secretions, or FB in upper or lower airway

s/s : noisy or labored respirations; swelling of face or neck

29
Q

Potential injuries and s/s of a substantial chest wall blunt or penetrating trauma?

A

Potential injuries : breathing problems, cardiac or pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax or hemothorax, broken ribs

s/s : substantial chest pain, SOB, asymmetrical chest wall movement, penetrating trauma to chest

30
Q

Potential injuries and s/s of a substantial blunt or penetrating trauma to chest, abdomen, or groin?

A

Potential injuries : hidden blood loss, damage to major vessels

s/s : bruising, redness, abrasions, or obvious trauma to the abdomen or pelvis; abdominal distention or rigidity; ttp of pelvis

31
Q

Potential injuries and s/s of a blunt force trauma to the head?

A

Potential injuries : brain injury

s/s : LOC, AMS, amnesia, combative, or changes in speech patterns; difficulty moving extremities; severe HA w/ associated n/v

32
Q

Potential injuries and s/s of a blunt force trauma, penetrating trauma, or fall from a substantial height?

A

Potential injury : spinal injury

s/s : severe neck or back pain, difficulty moving or feeling extremities, loss of sensation or tingling in the extremities

33
Q

Which three factors should you take into account with a fall MOI?

A

Height of the fall
Type of surface struck
Part of the body that hit first, followed by the path of energy displacement

34
Q

Penetrating trauma can be classified as :

A

Low energy
Medium energy
High energy

35
Q

Primary blast injuries

A

Injuries from blast wave itself :

Flash burns
Disruption of major blood vessels
Rupture ear drums and major organs
Possible amputation of limbs

36
Q

Secondary blast injuries

A

Injuries due to missiles being propelled by blast force.

37
Q

Tertiary blast injruies

A

Injuries due to impact with another object.

38
Q

Quaternary blast injuries

A

Collateral injuries such as :
Burns from hot gases or fires
Respiratory injury from inhaling toxic gases
Suffocation
Crush injuries from collapsed building
Contamination of wounds from environmental, chemical, or toxic substances
Mental health emergencies

39
Q

Pulmonary blast injuries

A

Pulmonary trauma consisting of contusions and hemorrhages.

40
Q

s/s of pulmonary blast injuries

A 
Chest pain
Hemoptysis
Tachypnea
Respiratory distress
Subcutaneous emphysema
41
Q

Trauma lethal triad

A

Hypothermia + acidosis + coagulopathy = death

42
Q

What treatments should you administer to prevent death secondary to the trauma lethal triad?

A

Aggressively control bleeding
Keep warm
Minimize the volume of acidic IV fluid (nl saline)
Warm IV fluids
Monitor end-tidal CO and ventilate to prevent respiratory acidosis
ALS back up for administration of tranexamic acid (TXA)

43
Q

Criteria for use of emergency air services for trauma patients :

A

Extended period to access or extricate a remote or trapped patient.
Trauma center is greater than 20-25 miles.
Needs medical care and stabilization at ALS, and there is no ground ALS unit available.
Traffic conditions or hospital availability prevents transportation in an ideal trim.
Prevent overwhelming trauma centers w/ multiple patients
MCI

44
Q

What is the phenomenon that results from the rapid changes in tissue and fluid pressure that occur with the passage of the projectile resulting in serious injury to internal organs distant to the actual path of the bullet?

A

Cavitation

Advanced EMT (33 decks)

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