Patients w/ special challenges

Question 1

Developmental disabilities

Answer 1

Insufficient development of the brain causing dysfunction or impairment

Question 2

Causes of intellectual disabilities include:

Answer 2

Genetic factors
Congenital infections
Complications at birth
Malnutrition
Environmental factor
Prenatal drug or ETOH use
TBI
Poisoning

Question 3

Autism is characterized by :

Answer 3

Impairment of social interaction
Severe behavioral problems
Repetitive motor activities
Verbal and nonverbal language impairment

Question 4

Physical abnormalities of downy syndrome

Answer 4

Round head w/ flat occiput
Enlarged, protruding tongue
Slanted, wide-set eyes
Folded skin on either side of the nose, covering the inner corners of the eyes
Short, wide hands
Small face and features
Congenital heart defects
Thyroid problems
Hearing and vision problems

Question 5

Visual impairments may result from

Answer 5

Congenital defect
Disease
Injury
Degeneration of the eyeball, optic nerve, or nerve pathway

Question 6

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 6

Nerve damage resulting from a lesion or damage to the inner ear

Question 7

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 7

Faulty transmission of sound waves, which can occur when a person has an accumulation of wax or a perforated TM.

Question 8

Cerebral palsy is a result of :

Answer 8

Damage to brain in utero
Oxygen deprivation at birth
TBI at birth
Infection (meningitis) during early childhood

Question 9

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

Genetic disorder characterized by increased production of mucus in the lungs and GI.

Question 10

In CF, the increased mucus :

Answer 10

Impairs respiration
Disrupts digestion of food
Predisposition to repeated lung infections
May become life-threatening emergency in severe situations

Question 11

Treatment for CF

Answer 11

Strictly supportive with airway and suctioning of secretions. Use humidified oxygen if available.

Question 12

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

Severe, incurable, degenerative disorder involving CNS

Question 13

Typical s/s of MS

Answer 13

Conditions related to muscle coordination, muscle, tone, altered sensation, and altered gait.

Question 14

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 14

Slow, progressive degeneration of muscle fibers.

Question 15

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by

Answer 15

Cardiomyopathy
Heart dysrhythmias
Scoliosis
Gait disturbances

Question 16

Hemiplegia

Answer 16

Paralysis of one side of the body

Question 17

Paraplegia

Answer 17

Paralysis of lower part of body

Question 18

Quadriplega

Answer 18

Paralysis of all four extremities and trunk

Question 19

Dysphagia

Answer 19

Partial paralysis of the esophagus causing inability to swallow

Question 20

The term obese is used when someone is ____ or move over his or her ideal body weight.

Answer 20

30%

Question 21

DOPE mnemonic

Answer 21

Displaced, dislodged, or damaged tube
Obstructed tube
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure

Question 22

How would you assess perfusion in a patient with an LVAD?

Answer 22

LOC
Skin color, temp, moisture
BP

Question 23

Intra-aortic balloon pumps

Answer 23

Used to decrease cardiac workload and augment perfusion in patients w/ cardiogenic shock, structural abnormalities of the head, MI, or following cardiac surgery.

Question 24

Relationship between IABP balloon and cardiac cycle.

Answer 24

Diastole : balloon inflates, pushing blood forward into systemic circulation.
Systole : balloon actively deflates, creating a vacuum and reducing cardiac afterload.

Question 25

Problems associated w/ central lines

Answer 25

Broken lines
Infections around the lines
Clotted lines
Bleeding around or from the tubing

Question 26

How should a patient with a G-tube be transported?

Answer 26

Sitting or lying on the ride side w/ head elevated 30 degrees

Question 27

Ventricular peritoneum shunt

Answer 27

Drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the peritoneum.

Question 28

Ventricular atrium shunt

Answer 28

Drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain to the right atrium.

Question 29

Signs of distress in patients w/ shunts

Answer 29

High-pitched cry or bulging fontanels
Headache
Projectile vomiting
AMS
Irritability
Fever
Nausea
Difficulty with coordination
Blurred vision
Seizures
Redness along shunt track
Bradycardia
Heart dysrhythmias

Question 30

Signs of potential failure of GI or Gu devices

Answer 30

Abdominal pain or distention
Decreased or absent bowel sounds
Bladder distention
Dysuria
Changes in urinary output or color

Question 31

A terminally ill patient has the following rights :

Answer 31

Know the truth
Confidentiality and privacy
Consent to treatment
Determine the disposition of his/her body