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Paramedic 02 > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

Trauma

A

Primary cause of death in ages between 1-44 years old

-occurs when external source of energy affects the body beyond its ability to sustain and dissipate it

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2
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy from motion-KINETIC ENERGY

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3
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy an object can have when stationary

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4
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy released as a result of a chemical reaction and can be found in an explosive or an acid

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5
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Form of high voltage

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6
Q

Barometric Energy

A

Sudden radical changes in pressure

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7
Q

Biomechanics

A

Study of a living organism using tools

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8
Q

Kinetics

A

Study of speed, mass, direction of force, and physical injury

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9
Q

Organs

A

Organs that have gas inside can be easily compressed

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10
Q

Types of injury

A

Depend on force and energy delivered

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11
Q

Blunt Trauma

A

When skin is not broken and the force and energy is made to dissipate

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12
Q

Duration of force application

A

Affects trauma because rapidly applied amounts of energy are less tolerated than an identical amount over a longer period of time

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13
Q

Impact resistance of body parts

A

Determined by what is inside the organs (gas, liquid, solid)

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14
Q

Index of suspicion

A

Suspecting an injury is present

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15
Q

Velocity

A

Distance an object travels per unit time

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16
Q

KE

A

=m/2XV2

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17
Q

Phases of MVC

A 
First: deceleration of vehicle
Second: deceleration of occupant
Third: deceleration of organs
Fourth: secondary collision
Fifth: additional impacts
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18
Q

Head on Impact

A 
Brain Injury
Scalp
Spinal
Chest
Pneumo
Femoral 
Aortic tear
-less survivors
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19
Q

Rear end

A

Whiplash bleeding inside skull

-more survivors

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20
Q

Abrupt deceleration forces

A

Sudden stop

  • shearing, avulsing, rupturing of organs
  • chest vulnerable to aortic injury
  • blunt abdominal injuries
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21
Q

Organs commonly affected

A

Kidneys, small intestine, liver, large intestine, pancreas and spleen

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22
Q

Lateral Impact

A

Pelvis and chest

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23
Q

Rotational or quarter panel impacts

A

Forward and diagonal Impact

-three angled seatbelts

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24
Q

Rollovers

A

May be ejected without seatbelt

  • ejection increased death by 25%
  • 1 in every 13 people in ejection sustain major cervical spine damage
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25
Q

Airbags

A

Will not deployed unless hit from the front and won’t if hit lateral quarter

  • abrasions to face, arms and hands
  • cornstarch used in airbags to load
  • pediatrics can be killed with airbag deployment
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26
Q

Motorcycle Crashes

A

Helmets transmit forces to the spine
4 types of crashes:
Head on- hit and continue forward until stopped by outside force yielding bilateral femur or tibia fractures
Angular Impact- direct crushing injuries to lower extremity between object and motorcycle
Ejected rider- laying down or sliding results in road rash

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27
Q

MOI’s

A

First: auto strikes body
Second: body hits hood
Third: body hits grund

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28
Q

Waddell Triad

A

Bumper hits pelvis, chest and abdomen hit grille, head strikes vehicle and ground

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29
Q

Don Juan Syndrome

A

Jumping down to ground
Energy transferred to heel, legs, pelvis and chest
T12-L1 and L2
-children younger than 3 have fewer injuries from falls greater than three stories than children and adults

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30
Q

Stab Wounds

A

Low versus high velocity.

Depends on length, blade, and motion of weapon

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31
Q

Cavitation

A

Cavity formation from a bullet wound

  • Entrance: bullet goes in
  • Exit: bullet comes out
32
Q

Obtain information

A

What caliber was used? What range was fired? What kind of bullet?

33
Q

Primary Blast Wounds

A

The wave from a blast and affect hollow membranes

-Can tell severity of ruptured pulmonary tissue by observing the tympanic membrane

34
Q

Secondary Blast

A

Debris hitting a person such as shrapnel set in motion by shrapnel

35
Q

Tertiary Blast

A

When a person is hurled boy the force and hits ridged objects

36
Q

Quaternary Blast

A

Miscellaneous injuries acquired from primary blast

37
Q

Quinary Blast

A

Biological, chemical exposure

38
Q

RTS

A 
Asses injury severity in patients with head trauma
Lowest is 0 Max is 12
-GCS, PR & Sbp
GCS 
13-15      4
9-12.      3
6-8.        2
4-5.        1
3.           0
SBP
>89.       4
76-89.    3
50-75.    2
1-49.       1
0.           0
RR
10-29.    4
>29.       3
6-9.        2
1-5.         1
0.           0
39
Q

Level 1 Trauma

A

Every injury possible

40
Q

Level 4 Trauma

A

Able to provide ATLS

41
Q

MOI criteria

A 
Adults fall more than 20 feet or three times height
Children falls more than 10 feet or <10ft with LOC
High risk auto crash
Intrusion intompassenger compartment
Ejection from automobile
High risk injury
Pedestrian/bicyclist thrown 
Burns with other Trauma
EMS provider judgment
42
Q

Special Considerations

A 
Age>55 
Systolic <110 in age >65
Using anticoagulants
Pregnancy
Burns with trauma
EMS Judgement
43
Q

Oxygen Dissisociation Curve

A

Affinity of oxygen on hemoglobin and oxygen in plasma
Spo2 and PaCo2
-too much fluid can transfer oxygen from hemoglobin to a larger plasma if there is more fluid cause an increase in paco2 and decrease in spo2
-temperature also effects (sweet tea) and how molecules dissolve
-pH also effects trauma by decreasing chance of transporting oxygen

44
Q

Trauma Triad

A

Ph, hypothermia, infection

45
Q

Pain Management

A

Need to so that there isn’t a massive catecholamines dump

46
Q

Coagulopathy

A

Free bleeders because the body uses all clotting ability when bleeding and runs out so bleeding can not clot

47
Q

Compensated

A

HR increase, lethargic, skin

48
Q

Decompensated

A

Pressure changes signify decompensation

49
Q

Burns

A

Hypovolemia, hypothermia, infection, pain

50
Q

Superficial

A

Burn to epidermis

  • Red color
  • Vulnerable to temp regulation
51
Q

Partial Thickness Burns

A

Burn to dermis
Glands, Nerves, vessels
-Massive fluid shift ! Fluid forms in bubbles

52
Q

Full Thickness Burn

A

Burn to sub

  • no ability to thermos regulate
  • no sensory
  • no fluid containment
53
Q

Airway Burns

A

Stridor, burns to pharynx, nasal hairs

-Edema causes loss of airway

54
Q

Parkland Burn Formula

A

4xBSAxkg half over first 8 then rest over last 16hours

Easy way = BSAxKg/4 = fluid over first 8 hours

55
Q

Dry sterile dressing

A

Dry because the lint does not stick and because bacteria is easier to travel through water than through air. Also, water could cause further hypothermia

56
Q

Wet sterile dressing

A

If moderate burns use wet to smooth. If full Thickness burns then use dry

57
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Adult head 9 Child head 12 Infant Head 18

58
Q

Palm Rule

A

The palm is 1% of TBSA

59
Q

Chemical Burns Acids Examples

A

Battery Acid
HCl Acid
HFl Acid
-immediate pain and coagulation necrosis

60
Q

Chemical Bases and Alkalis examples

A 
Potassium
Hydroxide
Lime
Drain Cleaner
Lye
-little pain but extensive damage by liquification necrosis. Breakdown of protein, collagen, fats, dehydration of tissues, thrombosis of vessels
61
Q

Oxidizing Agents

A

Hydrogen Peroxide
Sodium Chlorate
-can cause systemic poisoning

62
Q

Phosphrous

A

Ammunition and fireworks

-burns when exposed to air and can cause systemic posioning

63
Q

Vesicants

A

Sulfur mustard
Phosgene oxide
-blister agents. Respiratory compromised if inhaled

64
Q

Dry Lime

A

Alkali
-becomes corrosive with water so clean as much off as possible then irrigate with copious amounts of water with hose or shower

65
Q

Sodium Metals

A

Produce cosiderable heat when mixed with water and may explode
-cover burn with oil

66
Q

HFl

A

Use Calcium Chloride of 10% Solution and make a jelly to apply to site of burn

67
Q

Eye Solution for ocular anasthetic

A

Put 100mg of Lidocaine in a 1000ml bag of NaCl to make a analgesic flush solution

68
Q

Arc Flash Burn

A

When an arc makes connection with a person.

69
Q

Flame Burn from electricity

A

When the electric current ignites someone’s clothing

70
Q

Radiation Burns

A

Acute Radiation Exposure is highly seen in industrial sections of work

71
Q

Alpha Particles

A

Have little penetrating energy and easily stopped by the skin

72
Q

Beta Particles

A

Are stronger than alpha and can penetrate skin but be blocked by very simple clothing

73
Q

Gamma Particles

A

Easily passes through the body and solid materials

74
Q

Radiation

A

Measured in units of RAD or Radiation Absorbed Dose

75
Q

Acute Radiation Syndrome

A

Causes hematologic, CNS and GI chnages

  • patients who unresponsive by radiation or manifest vomiting in 10 minutes will die
  • patients who manifest vomiting less than an hour have a 30/80% chance of survival
  • patients who manifest vomiting within one to two hours have a 95-100% chance of surviving
76
Q

Radiation Contact Burns

A

Local soft tissue injury

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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