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Paramedic 02 > Special Challenges Emergencies > Flashcards

Special Challenges Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical Abuse

A

Defined as intentional act such as striking, hitting, or biting a child that results in injury

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2
Q

Neglect

A

Four times more common than physical abuse

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3
Q

Sexual Abuse

A

Inappropriate dressing, touching to disabled patients

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4
Q

Emotional Abuse

A

Children, dependent elderly, and other vulnerable people

Causes substantial emotional response in behavior in children

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5
Q

Recognizing Neglect or Abuse

A

Child who does not become agitated
Who does not look for parent reassurance
May cry excessively or not at all
-80% of head injuries in patients younger than 2 years is a result of abuse

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6
Q

Mongolian Spots

A

Lesions that resemble bruises typically on buttocks or back that present at birth

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7
Q

Benign Injuries

A

Coining and Cupping

  • rubbing hot coins
  • warm cups on skin pull out illness
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8
Q

Management of Abuse/Neglect

A

First priority: self safety
Second priority: provide optimal clinical care to patient
Don’t make hasty assumptions
Document situation!

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9
Q

Mandatory Reporters

A

EMS is mandatory reporters of child abuse and neglect

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10
Q

APS

A

Adult Protective Services

-for neglected or abused children

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11
Q

Terminal Illness

A

Disease that is expected to cause death within 6 months

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12
Q

Curative Care

A

Continuous aggressive medical care that attempts to prolong life

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13
Q

Palliative Care

A

“Comfort Care”

Focus on improving the quality of the time that the patient has left

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14
Q

Hospice

A

Program that provides social and emotional support

May receive at home, hospital and long term care facilities

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15
Q

Surrogate-Decision Maker

A

Legally authorized to make health care decisions for that patient when patient is not able to to make them for them self

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16
Q

Communicable Diseases

A

Medical conditions that can be passed from one person to another by variety of modes
-gloves and eye wear mandatory

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17
Q

Tracheostomy Tubes

A

Long term replacement for ET tubes

  • passes below the thyroid cartilage into the trachea
  • needs humidified and warmed air
  • Obturator: rounded tip that extends out the bottom end of the trachea
  • follow DOPE acronym for trouble shooting trach tubes
  • have patient that deep breath or preoxygenate before entering suction into tube
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18
Q

Fenestrated

A

Teach tube that has holes present in outer and inner canulas

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19
Q

False Lumen

A

If suction catheter meets resistance outside of cannula it may be displaced

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20
Q

Stoma

A

Incision from which a trach tube has been insrted

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21
Q

Diaphragm/Phrenic Nerve stimulators

A

New technology that stimulates the process of breathing for a patient without an external device

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22
Q

Asynchrony

A

May occur when breathing is stimulated and is being ventilated by EMS

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23
Q

VAD’s

A

Ventricular Assist Device

  • receive devices while awaiting a heart transplant
  • connected to either both or right or left ventricles
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24
Q

Apnea Monitors

A

Infants with high risk of SIDS have one

-usually have ECG tracings

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25
Q

Long Term Vascular Access Device

A

May have central lines in place

  • many are maintained with chemical heparin
  • obtain med control before using one
  • remove 10ml of blood before flushing to remove heparin
26
Q

Insulin pump

A

Titration insluin into the body for diabetics

27
Q

Tube Feeding

A

Placed into small intestine or into stomach

28
Q

Colostomy

A

Directs large intestine out through an opening in the wall called a stoma
-stool and intestinal liquid is drained from the intestines

29
Q

Urostomy

A

Part of urinary system is diverted through an opening in the anterior abdominal wall, called a stoma

30
Q

Urinary Catheterization

A

Not able to void urine on their own

  • mask, goggles and gloves
  • keep catheter very sterile!
  • coat catheter with gel substance
  • hold penis at ninety degree angle
  • when urine present, insert 1cm more or until it reaches Y of tubing
  • Inflate ballon and gently pull back until feeling resistance
31
Q

Dialysis

A

Replacement for failed or failing kidneys
Hemodialysis: removes blood from patient through fistula which is connected between artery and vein. Blood exits, cleaned, and returned to body
Peritoneal Dilaysis: abdominal dialysis and can be performed in the patients home

32
Q

IABP

A

Intraday-Aortic Balloon Pump
Decrease the cardiac workload and perfusion in patients with cardiogenic Shock, structural abnormalities in heart, MI or following cardiac surgery
-cylindrical tube inserted through femoral artery and placed in aorta
-During diastole the balloon inflates, pushing blood forward into systemic circulation.
-During systole the balloon deflates, creating brief vacuum and decreasing cardiac afterload
-Improves circulation, decreases oxygen demand

33
Q

Developmental Disability

A

Severe chronic conditions due to mental or physical impairments

34
Q

Developmental Delay

A

Infant or child’s failure to reach a particular development milestone by the expected time

35
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Inherited genetic disorder that is responsible for the delay, cognitive impairment, and unusual features.

  • flattened face and nose
  • also known as “trisomy 21”
  • missing a pair or chromosomes compared to normal 23 chromosomes
  • shorter life expectancy
  • may function relatively independently
36
Q

Mental Retardation

A

Intellectual disability and cognitive disorder that appears during childhood and lacks adaptive behavior
-IQ below 70 is classified

37
Q

Autism

A

Developmental delay that is still being diagnosed

  • Be mindful of actions
  • Excessive stimuli can cause aggressive behavior
38
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

“Hysteria”

Blindness, paralysis, and impaired speech can occur as a physical manifestation

39
Q

Hearing Impairment

A

Acoustic Neuroma: tumor of ear
Conductive Hearing Loss: inability of sound to travel from outer to inner ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: problems with uptake of sound through tiny hairs within the ear and conduction of nerve impulses
CAPD: auditory deficit that is difficult interpreting speech, when other background noises are present
Auditory Neuropathy: normal function of ear, but can not pick up Nerve impulses

40
Q

Visual Impairment

A

Retinopathy: diseases of the retina and the eye that do not involve inflammation

  • high levels of oxygen to infants can cause retinopathy
  • Amblyopia: partial or complete vision loss of one eye
  • Hyperopia: frsightedness
  • Myopia: Nearsightedness
41
Q

Speech Impairment

A

Phonological Process Disorders: impact a persons ability to produce sounds that combine into spoken words
Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder: delayed language developmental milestones, with person using irrelevany phrases out of context

42
Q

Dysarthria

A

Failure of neurotransmission between nervous system and muscles of the face and throat that causes impaired speech

43
Q

Apraxia

A

Can not apply object to use

44
Q

Spastic Parylsis

A

When muscles if affected areas of the body become flaccid or fail to move because of continued spasm

45
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

When the quad or parapalegic can not use the bathroom, constipated, pain, triggers a large dump of catecholamines and causes massive vasoconstriction above level of injury and pressure can be dangerously high

46
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints between bones that can cause pain, swelling, redness, stiffness and discomfort

47
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Caused by cartilage loss or abnormal bone growth,usually in response to trauma or excess wear and tear

48
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Systemic inflammatory disease that affects joints and other body systems
Consider pain medications

49
Q

Cancer

A

Excessive growth in the body and division of cells within the body

50
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Neurological disorder that results from injury to brain tissue during brain development

  • Produces altered skeletal muscle function or contraction
  • Common to affect only one region of the body
  • sever: seizures, inability to swallow, tremors, loss of bladder control, joint contractions, impaired respiratory function
51
Q

Spastic Tetraplegia

A

When CP affects all four limbs

52
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Increased production of mucus in the lungs and digestive systems

  • Can lose a lot of salt
  • Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, pancreatitis, anorexia, and distended abdomen
  • Take antibiotics
53
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Degenerative disorder of the myelin sheath surrounding the neurons of the brain

54
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Slow, progressive degeneration of muscle fibers

  • Careful positioning
  • Supportive Treatment
  • Assisted Ventilation
55
Q

DMD

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Enlarged heart muscle

56
Q

Myasthenia Crisis

A

Respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle fatigue

  • may occur if muscles damaged by infection
  • infection, stress, side effects of medications can trigger a crisis
  • Contraindicated for ZOFRAN because of issues with Long QT syndrome
57
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune disorder that suddenly or gradual impacts neuromuscular transmission, causing muscles to weaken and tire easily

58
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Viral infection with significant morbidity

  • Humans only host to carry polio
  • Headache, sore throat, fever, malaise, and vomiting
  • Report back pain, diarrhea, leg pain, continued fever, and muscle discomfort
59
Q

Postpolio Syndrome

A

Persons who survive an initial attack from polio virus

  • Muscle weakness, muscle atrophy
  • Treatment remains supportive
60
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

Autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread inflammation of many body tissues
Antibodies in body attack normal body cells such as kidneys, muscles, joints, digestive tract, skin
-Swelling and discomfort, chest pain, fever, sensitivity to light, swollen lymph nodes, mouth sores.

61
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury

A

Deformity of brain from injury that can cause short term and long term impairments.
-Seizures, emotional, behavioral, sensory complications can be present

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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