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Paramedic 02 > EENT Emergencies > Flashcards

EENT Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Globe

A

Eyeball

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2
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

Third cranial Nerve that inner fates the muscles that cause motion of the eyes and upper eyelids.

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3
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Second Cranial Nerve, provides sense of vision

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4
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye, tough fibrous coat that helps maintain shape of the eyes. Hepatitis or cirrhosis cause yellowing of this part

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5
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent anterior portion of the eye that overlays the iris and pupils.
Clouding of cornea results in cataracts

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6
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane that covers sclera and internal surfaces of the eyelids but not iris.
Cyanosis can be detected in conjuctiva

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7
Q

Iris

A

Pigmented part of the eye

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8
Q

Pupil

A

Circle opening that opens inside the iris.

Dialates to let more light inside

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9
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure that can alter its thickness to focus light on retina at back of the eyes

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10
Q

Retina

A

Received light impulses and converts them to nerve signals that are conducted by brain and optic Nerve and interpreted as vison

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11
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Clear watery fluid in eye

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12
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Jelly like substance that maintains shape of globe between the iris and cornea

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13
Q

Central Vision

A

Facilitates visualization of objects directly in front of you

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14
Q

Peripheral Vision

A

Visualization of lateral objects when looking forward

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15
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Secretes and drains tears from the eye

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16
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Drains tears from lacrimal gland

From above eye to the corner of the eye

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17
Q

Dysconjugate Gaze

A

Discoordination between the movements of two eyes

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18
Q

Adnexa

A

Surrounding tissues and structures of the eyes

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19
Q

Thermal Burns

A

Fire, burns the eyes

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20
Q

Infrared Rays

A

Sun, laser burns occurs

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21
Q

UV Light

A

Welding, causes superficial burns of the eye
May take 3 to 5 hours for pain
Management- Cover eyes with sterile moist pad and eye shield
Cool compress may provide some pain relief
Place patient in supine position

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22
Q

Chemical burns

A 
Acid or alkali substances 
Management- immediate irrigation!!!
Use only sterile water or saline
Use a syringe or nasal cannula
Irrigate for at least 5 minutes
Irrigate for at least 20 if eye is affected by acid or alkali substance
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23
Q

Morgan Lens

A

Eyed device used for constant irrigation

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24
Q

Removing contact lenses

A

Don’t attempt to remove if eye is injured
ONLY remove if chemical burn to the eye
Hard lense- use small suction cup
Soft lense- one to two drops of saline in eye, gently pinch lense, and place lense in sterile water container

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25
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

“Pink eye” conjuctiva becomes inflamed and red

Most often starts in one eye and moves to the other

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26
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A

Scrape to outside of the eye

Can irrigate or tape eyelid close

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27
Q

Photophobia

A

Sensitivity to light

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28
Q

Foreign Body

A

Dust, dust, splinters
Management- If on surface on cornea, remove with soft tip cotton swab moistened
Stabilize object in glove
Cover with moist sterile dressing and cover other eye.

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29
Q

Chalzion

A

Oil gland of eyelid becomes block and forms a swollen bump or pustule

30
Q

Hordeolum

A

“Style” red tender bump on eyelid from blocked oil duct

31
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure
Excessive pressure can damage optic Nerve
Assessment- loss of vision or blind spot
Eye drops usually prescribed

32
Q

Hyphema

A

Bleeding into anterior portion of eye from trauma that obscures Vision partially or completely
Management- If hyphema is suspected take spinal precautions and elevate head to 40 degrees to decrease IOP
Antiplatelets should be avoided

33
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of iris

Assessment- redness of the eye, cloudy vision or unusual shaped eye

34
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling or inflammation of optic Nerve at the rear of the eye
Patients experience headaches, vomiting, vision loss or fraying vision

35
Q

Retinal Detachement

A

Separation of inner layers of retina from underlying membrane
Often seen in sports injuries, especially boxing

36
Q

Ear

A

Hearing, Balance, and orientation

37
Q

External Ear

A

Pinna, external auditory canal, and exterior portion of tympanic membrane (eardrum)

38
Q

Middle Ear

A

Inner portion of ear drum and ossicles

39
Q

Inner Ear

A

Cochlea and semicircular canals

40
Q

Process of hearing

A

Sound enters through pinna and travel through external auditory canal to the ear drum.
Vibrations against eardrum set up vibrations in the three small bones on inner side of tympanic membrane (malleus, incus, stapes).
Vibrations transmitted to cochlear duct at oval window
Movmenent of oval window causes fluid within cochlea to vibrate
Then hair movements that form nerve impulses that travel to the brain via auditory nerve.
Brain decodes these impulses and converts them to sound

41
Q

Foreign Body of Ear

A

Do not remove, just stabilize

42
Q

Creumen

A

Yellwish oily substance found inside ear canal “ear wax”

43
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Feeling of vertigo or loss of balance after an ear infection
Irritation and swelling of inner ear affects Nerves of ear causing loss of balance
Management- antihistamine to reduce swelling, Valium for sedative or muscle relaxant

44
Q

Meniere Disease

A

Inner ear disorder when endolymphatic rupture causes increased pressure in cochlear duct.
Patients experience tinnitus and vertigo

45
Q

Oitis

A

Infection from bacterial growth within ear

46
Q

Perforate Tympanic Membrane

A

Ruptured eardrum from blast, foreign Body, infection

Consider pain management

47
Q

Nose

A

Filter, humidifier, and heater for air entering lungs

Inside is extremely vasculature

48
Q

Nasal Mucousa

A

Shortcut to the brain
Blood brain barrier can be breached by entering the spinal fluid
Makes IN faster route of obsorption that IV with some medications

49
Q

Anosmia

A

Total loss of smell

50
Q

Dysosmia

A

Distorted sense of smell

51
Q

Hyperosmia

A

Increased sensitivity to smell

52
Q

Hyposmia

A

Decreased sensitivity to smell

53
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Seeration between nostirls

54
Q

Turbinates

A

Inside nasal chamber are layers of bone covered with a moist lining.
Air humidified as it passes over the turbinates.

55
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Lined with mucous membranes.
Decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance for the voice.
(Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid)

56
Q

NPA

A

Never insert when bleeding or CSF present in nasal cavity

57
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

Place patient leaning forward and pinch the nostrils

58
Q

Rhinitis

A

Nasal disorder common during childhood and adolescence.

Caused by pollen, allergens, animal dander.

59
Q

Sinusitis

A

Thick nasal drainage, sinus and facial pressure, headache, and fever

60
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

61
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve

A

Cranial Nerve XII provides motor function to the tounge

62
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A

Cranial Nerve IX provides taste sensation to posterior portions of the tounge

63
Q

Dentalgia

A

Toothache

64
Q

Oral Candidiasis

A

Thrush

Fungus accumulates on inside of tounge

65
Q

Ludwig Angina

A

Cellulitis caused by bacteria from an infected tooth root

66
Q

Foreign Body in mouth

A

Keep in position for gravity to fall out

67
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottis.
Can block trachea and obstruct airway.
Common in 1 to 5 years of age
Assessment- dysphagia, stridor and respiratory distress. Tripod position.

68
Q

Laryngitis

A

Caused by virus similar to flu.

Not serious unless leading to croup or epiglottitis.

69
Q

Tracheitis

A

Bacterial infection of trachea.
Caused by staphylococcus aureus.
Assessment- croup like cough, difficulty breathing, fever, stridor.
Management- 100% oxygen

70
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Swelling and inflammation of tonsils usually caused by viral infections.

71
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of pharynx

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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