Medication Administration

Question 1

Medical Asepsis

Answer 1

Practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique

Question 2

Sterile

Answer 2

Destruction of all living organisms using heat, gas, or chemicals

Question 3

Antiseptics

Answer 3

Cleans an area before performing invasive procedure such as an IV

Question 4

Disinfectnts

Answer 4

Toxic to living tissues and are used to clean objects or inside ambulance

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Phospholipid bilayer important to fluid movement and acid base balance and has selective permeability which is the ability to allow certain compounds into the cell based on the cells needs

Question 6

Total Body Water of human

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 7

45% of fluid

Question 8

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 8

15% of fluid

10% interstitial and 5% intravascular

Question 9

Solvent

Answer 9

Fluid that does the dissolving

Ex: water

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

Dissolved particles in solvent

Ex: salt in water

Question 11

Electrolytes

Answer 11

Inorganic molecules and named so because of their ability to conduct electricity when they dissociate in water
-Also called ions

Question 12

Cations of body

Answer 12

Positive charge:

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

Question 13

Anions of body

Answer 13

Negative charge:

Bicarbonate, Chloride, phosphrous

Question 14

Measurement for electrolytes

Answer 14

mEq

Question 15

Potassium

Answer 15

98% found within cells
Principal intracellular cation helps convert glucose to glycogen
Cellular potassium levels are regulated by insulin
NaK pump helped by epinephrine and insulin

Question 16

Calcium

Answer 16

Important in functioning of heart, muscle and nerves and cell membranes
Hypocalcemia: leads to over stimulation of nerve cells, leading to cramps
Hypercalcemia: skeletal muscle weakness, lethargy, ataxia

Question 17

Magnesium and Calcium

Answer 17

Control neuromuscular irritability

Question 18

Phosphrous

Answer 18

Important with ATP of body and is powerful energy source

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

Compounds on one side of a cell membrane move across it to an area of lower concentration

Question 20

Filtration

Answer 20

Used by kidneys to clean blood

Question 21

Active Transport

Answer 21

Sodium Potassium pump uses energy to move particles across a membrane

Question 22

Glucose

Answer 22

Follows potassium

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

Movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute to an area of high solute

Question 24

Dehydration

Answer 24

Inadequate total systemic blood Volume. As fluid is lost from vascular space, fluid is shifted from interstitial to intravascular and also shifts from intracellular to extracellular.
Signs: tachypnea, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, flushed, dry skin, orthostatic hypotension

Question 25

Overhydration

Answer 25

Total body volume increases and fluid fills vascular compartment, filters into interstitial and into the intracellular compartment
Signs: puffy eyelids, polyuria, moist crackles, Edema, weight gain

Question 26

Crystalloid Solutions

Answer 26

Dissolved crystals (salts or sugars) in water
Great ability to cross membrane and alter fluid levels
3:1 ratio is 3ml of fluid per 1ml of blood lost to replace fluid
-Too much can dilute remaining blood diluting proportion of hemoglobin in vascular space

Question 27

Colloid Solutions

Answer 27

Contain molecules (proteins) that are too large to pass out of capillary membrane and remain in vascular space. They also draw fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments. 
-work well in reducing pulmonary and cerebral edema

Question 28

Lactate Ringers

Answer 28

Used in field for patients who have lost large amounts of blood
-lactate is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate and used as a buffer