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Paramedic 02 > Endocrine Emergencies > Flashcards

Endocrine Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothalmus

A

Junction between the Nervous System and endocrine system

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2
Q

ADH

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone: causes water retention
The Hypothalmus senses the concentration of salt in body fluids and signals the pituitary gland to secrete ADH which stimulate the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium and water.

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3
Q

Major Components of Endocrine system

A 
Hypothalmus
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
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4
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Synthesizes and secretes melatonin which has effect on sleep/wake patterns

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5
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

“Master Gland” because its secretions orchestrate the activity of other endocrine Glands.
Located at back of brain and is the size of a grape and shape of a nut sack

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6
Q

Pituitary Gland Secretions

A

Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, melatonin, ADH and Oxytocin

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7
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Secretes thyroxin and calcitonin
Thyroxin: major metabolic hormone, stimulates energy production, increases rate at which cells consume oxygen and use carbs, fats and proteins

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8
Q

Thyroid E.g

A

When body gets cold, increased cellular metabolism creates heat

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9
Q

Iodine

A

Without iodine, thyroxine can’t be produced

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Increases calcium in body

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11
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Component of immune system
Located behind the sternum
Helps immune system identify and destroy foreign substances
Produces T cell and t lymphocytes

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12
Q

Killer T Cell

A

Attacks antigen directly and triggers phagocytosis (eating the cell)

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13
Q

Helper T Cell

A

Releases lymphokines that send information about antigens to the B cells

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14
Q

Suppressor T Cells

A

Contain the immune response so the immune system does not hurt the host

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15
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Secretes PTH, Parathyroid Hormone, which acts as an antagonist to calcitonin
Secretes when calcium levels in the body are low which stimulates bone-dissolving cells to break down bone and release calcium into the blood stream

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16
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Located on top of the kidneys

Suppress inflammation, govern body’s nutrients and regulate how much sodium isnexcreted through urine

17
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outside of the adrenal gland
Produces corticoids and sex hormones which regulate body’s balance of salt and water, the immune system, and sexual function

18
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Insiofmadrenal gland
Produces catecholamines (Epi and norEpi)
Which assist body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing the pulse and respiratory rate and blood pressure

19
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenoorticotropic Hormone: targets adrenal cortex and causes it to secrete cortisol which stimulates the body’s cells to increase the body’s energy production

20
Q

Aldosterone

A

When body experiences drop in pressure, volume, sodium level or increase in potassium
Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium from the urine and excrete potassium by altering osmotic gradient in blood
When sodium is absorbed, blood and water follow

21
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive Gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum through pancreatic duct

22
Q

Islet of Langerhans

A

Secrete glucagon, secreted by alpha cells and insulin, secreted by beta cells

23
Q

Gonads

A

Testes or ovaries main source of sex hormones
Testes secrete testosterone
Ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone

24
Q

Pituitary Gland Hormones and their effects

A

Growth Hormone: regulates metabolic growth and adaption to stress

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: increases secretion of thyroid hormone

Adrenocorticosteroid Hormone: stimulates adrenal gland to secrete cortisol and adrenal proteins

Luteizing Hormone: stimulation of gonads

Follicle Stimulating Hormone: sets hormones

Prolactin: milk production

ADH: increases retention of fluid and salts

Oxytocin: contracts uterus during childbirth

25
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Body’s inability to sufficiently metabolize glucose

26
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin dependent

Does not produce insulin

27
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Which blood glucose levels are elevated

28
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Normal ranges from 70-120mg/dL

Hypoglycemia occurs <45mg/dL

29
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

> 160mg/dL

30
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

>300mg/dL

31
Q

Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma

A

With type 2 diabetes

Hyrglycemia without ketones

32
Q

Addison Disease

A

Adrenal insufficiency
Caused by atrophy or destruction of adrenal Glands
Assessment: body improperly regulates electrolytes, fluids and water
Management: use corticosteroids and normal saline

33
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Excess of cortisol production by adrenal Glands

34
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Slow pulse, decrease metabolism, cold skin, weight gain, weakness, constipated, dry skin

35
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Rapid pulse, increase metabolism, tremor, diarrhea, warm moist skin

36
Q

Graves Disease

A

Enlarged thyroid gland caused from hypothyroidism

May present with protruding eyeballs or Pretoria myxedema “ orange peel “ color of below knee

37
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Polyuria, display, phagia

Body unable to regulate fluids due to lack of ADH

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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