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Paramedic 02 > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Lungs fail to work

A

Carbon Dioxide accumulates in the blood. Co2 combines with water to form hydrogen ions. Resulting in acidosis.

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2
Q

Impaired Bentilation Causes

A

Upper Airway Obstruction- foreign body, infection, trauma
Lower Airway Obstruction- disease, mucus, edema
Chest Wall Impairment- flail chest, pneumonia, restrictive (scoliosis)
Neuromuscular Impairment- Lou Gehrig disease, OD

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3
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis move from the feet up.

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4
Q

Pickwickian Syndrome

A

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

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5
Q

Serious injury to the spinal cord above _____ may…

A

above C5 may block the nerve impulses that stimulate breathing

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6
Q

Botulism

A

Rare.
Acquired by giving infants raw honey.
Can cause muscle paralysis and ultimately hinder breathing

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7
Q

Alcohol, Narcotics and Opiates

A

Reduce the respiratory drive

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8
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Creates alkolosis

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9
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Creates acidosis

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10
Q

Respiratory Alkolosis

A

Cause numbness and tingling in the hands, feet and mouth

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11
Q

Carpopedal Spasm

A

Hands and feet clinch like a claw due to hyperventilation

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12
Q

Why breathing into bag is bad

A

1) rebreathing too much carbon dioxide can cause hypoxia

2) may be compensatory and does not need to be fixed

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13
Q

Causes for hyperventilation

A

Stressor such as a family fight, or bad news.

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14
Q

Psychological Support for hyperventilation

A

Breathing with the patient
Count to two between breaths
Talk to the patient
Sing a song

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15
Q

Turbinates

A

Highly vascular
Mucus covered that traps particulate matter
Large surface area allows air to be warmed and humidified

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16
Q

Angiodema

A

Vascular reaction characterized by swelling of eyes, lips, rounded and mouth

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17
Q

Hypopharynx

A

Where Oro and nasopharynx meets
Gag reflex
Vagus nerve

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18
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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19
Q

Glottis

A

Vocal cords

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20
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Two pearly white lumps at distal end of vocal cords

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21
Q

Pyriform Fossa

A

Pockets of tissue on sides of glottis

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22
Q

Cilia

A

Small hairlike structures that wave in a pattern to move particulate matter up and out of the airway

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23
Q

Block Spots in lungs

A

Food or objects that were inhaled and become permanently lodged within lung

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24
Q

Goblet cells

A

Line the irways

Produce mucus that blankets lining of airway

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25
Q

Gas Exchange

A

Process by which deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation releases carbon dioxide and is resupplied with oxygen before entering cardiac circulation

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26
Q

Alveolar Cell Types I and II

A

Type 1- (pneumocystis) are empty and allow for better gas exchange
Type 2-make new type 1 cells and produce surfactant

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27
Q

Surfactant

A

Reduces surface tension and helps keep alveoli expanded

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28
Q

Shunt

A

Collapsed alveoli do not participate in gas exchange. Blood from right side of heart bypasses alveoli and returns to left side unoxygenated resulting in hypoxemia.

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29
Q

Polycythemia

A

Thick blood
COPD patients generate a surplus of RBC’s that cause strain on right side of heart due to the blood trying to push through tiny capillaries

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30
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Right sided heart failure because of chronic lung disease

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31
Q

Dead Space

A

Left over gas in airway. (1ml of dead space per pound)

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32
Q

Restrictive Lung Diseas

A

E.g kiphosis, loridosis, scoliosis

Limits air movement

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33
Q

Respiration

A

Oxygen is taken into the body, distributed to the cells, and used by cells to make energy

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34
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

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35
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of oxygen from interstitial to alveoli for use

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36
Q

Perfusion

A

Circulatory component of respiratory system

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37
Q

Hearing Breuer Reflex

A

Regulates depth of inspiration to not overinflated the lungs

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38
Q

Negative Pressure

A

Air sucked into lungs and then pushed out

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39
Q

Exhalation

A

Passive process

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40
Q

Sternum Rib retrations

A

Often present in children and infants causing bony retrations

41
Q

Wheezing

A

High pitched whistling made by air forced through narrow airway (asthma, CHF, or foreign body)

42
Q

Crackles

A

Popping open of alveoli and caused by increased fluid in the lungs

43
Q

Rales

A

High pitched crackles

44
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low pitched crackles

45
Q

Stridor

A

Airway obstruction

46
Q

Blood tinged sputum

A

Tuberculosis or small airway vessel rupture from excessive coughing

47
Q

Purulent

A

Pus like fluid

48
Q

Sputum Color Meaning

A 
Frothy, pink- CHF
Thick- dehydration
Purulent- infection
Yellow, green, brown- old secretions
Clear or white- bronchitis
Blood streaked- tumor, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, trauma from coughing
49
Q

Agonal Breathing

A

Irregular gasps widely spaced. Not actual breathing

50
Q

Apneuistic Breathing

A

Prolonged inspiratory “fish breathing”

Indicitave of severe damage to the brain

51
Q

Ataxic Breathing

A

Chaotically irregular indicate severe brain injury

52
Q

Biot Respirations

A

Irregular pattern, rate and depth with patterns of apnea

Indicates brain injury or herniation

53
Q

Cheyenne-Stokes Respirations

A

Crescendo-decrescendo with period of apnea inbetween

Indicates brain injury

54
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

55
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased rate and death of breathing (overdose)

56
Q

Hypopnea

A

Decreased rate and death

57
Q

Kussmaul

A

Deep respirations
Caused by body’s attempt to rid body of metabolic acidosis
Seen with DKA patients
Accompanied

58
Q

Cerebellum Injury

A

Hyperpnea
Cheyenne Stokes
Apnea

59
Q

Brain stem Injury

A

Apneuistic
Biot
Ataxic
Agonal

60
Q

Anitussive

A

Suppresses cough.

Can be bad because coughing naturally clears secretions from the airway

61
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A

Measures percentage of hemoglobin that has oxygen attached to it
Keep saturation abover 93% saturation

62
Q

Capnography ROCS

A

Increase in 10 to 35 mmHg

63
Q

Aerosol Therapy

A

Delivers liquid medications by smaller particles to facilitate the delivery of medication into the lower airway at 6lpm
Larger particles may be formed at lower oxygen setting and won’t reach the lower airway

64
Q

Aerosol for burns and croup

A

Can greatly humidify and “cool” the airway of a burn patient with aerosoling normal saline

65
Q

Spacer

A

Collects medication and allows higher concentration of medication to be delivered and will lose less to the environement

66
Q

Oxygen in Body

A

97% bound to hemoglobin and 3% bound in plasma

67
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing laying down

68
Q

CPAP

A

Contraindications are hypotension (increase thoracic pressure decreasing perload)
AMS
Vomiting

69
Q

Settings CPAP

A

5 to 15cm of water and 5 to 10lpm of oxygen

70
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

The diameter of a tube decreases, resistance to flow decrease exponentially

71
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

EXAMPLE is croup

Inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi

72
Q

Upper Airway Inflammation

A 
Croup
Epiglottitis
Peritonsillar Abscess
Diphtheria
Enlarged Tonsils
73
Q

Croup

A

Usually between 6months to 3 years
Barking or seal cough
May be caused by laryngotracheobronchitis

74
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottitis usually by infection

Sore throat, fever, hoarseness, and hyper extension of the neck

75
Q

Aspiration

A

Inhalation of anything other than air
Can cause pnuemoitis and pneumonia
Aspiration of stomach contents increase mortality significantly

76
Q

Obstructive Lower Airway Disease

A

Asthma

Findings include pursed lips, increased I/E ratio, abdominal muscle use, and JVD.

77
Q

Asthma

A

Increased reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to a variety of stimuli
TRIANGLE of Asthma edema, bronchospasm, and mucus production

78
Q

Status Asthmaticus

A

Severe, prolonged asthmatic attack that cannot be stopped with traditional treatment

79
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Caused by constriction of the smooth muscle that surrounds larger bronchi in the lungs
-can occur from allergen, dust, perfume, animal dander, or change in temperatures-

80
Q

Bronchial Edema

A

Swelling of bronchial and bronchi
Creates turbulent air flow, wheezing, and air trapping
(Corticosteroids)

81
Q

Mucus Production

A

Thick secretions may plug distal airway and contibute air trapping

82
Q

COPD

A

Empheseyma and Chronic Bronchitits

When the tracheobronchial tree becomes so weak it collapses

83
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Sputum production most days of month for 3 or more months out of the year for more than 2 years
Chronic and reoccurrence cough
Almost always a smoker

84
Q

Assessment of Chronic Bronchitis

A

Crackles, Edema, infections, sputum production

85
Q

Hypoxia Drive

A

Body stimulates breathing from a decrease in partial prsssure of oxygen

86
Q

Atelactisis

A

When alveoli completely collapse eventually including entire lung segments

87
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Tumors in large airways causing hemoptysis

Common site for metastasis (cancer formation from other sites)

88
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Fluid build up in lung tissue

Assessment revealed rales or rhonchi

89
Q

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

A

Shock lung, Da Nang lung, hyaline membrane in neonates

90
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air collects between visceral and parietal pleura

91
Q

Bleb

A

Weak spot in the lung causing spontaneous pneumothorax

Coughing or lifting

92
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid collects between visceral and parietal pleura

93
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blood clot in the lungs
S1Q3T3 on ECG
SUDDEN dyspnea, cyanosis, sharp pain in chest

94
Q

PE causes

A

Clot forms in the greater saphenous vein

Thrombophlebitis

95
Q

Holman Sign for PE

A

Calf pain from thrombophlebitis

96
Q

Greenfield Filter

A

Filter placed in placed with patients that have a history of DVT’s that help trap clots or coagulated blood (basically a net)

97
Q

Cape cyanosis

A

Deep cyanosis of the face, neck, chest and back despite good-quality CPR and ventilation with 100% oxygen

98
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Produce copious amounts of thick mucus in respiratory and digestive tracts

99
Q

Pertussis

A

“Whooping Cough” contagious bacterial disease “the 100 day cough”

Can cause vomiting, hypoxia, conjuctivial hemmorage

Paramedic 02 (27 decks)

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