Transport of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Membrane bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolases that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.

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2
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

To transport materials between membrane compartments.

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3
Q

Which endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its cytosolic face?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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4
Q

What are synthesised in the ER?

A

Membrane components, lipids and proteins.

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5
Q

Where does the synthesis of all proteins begin?

A

Cytosolic ribosomes.

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6
Q

What are cytosolic ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes not attached to the rER.

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7
Q

Where is the synthesis of cytosolic proteins completed?

A

In the cytosolic ribosomes.

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8
Q

What does the signal carried by transmembrane proteins do?

A

Halt translation and direct the ribosome synthesising the protein to dock with the ER forming RER.

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9
Q

What is a signal sequence?

A

A short stretch of amino acids at one end of the polypeptide that determines the eventual location of a protein in a cell.

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10
Q

Where is the protein inserted during translation after docking?

A

Into the membrane of the ER.

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11
Q

What are proteins transported by once they are in the ER?

A

Vesicles that bud off from the ER and fuse with the golgi body.

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12
Q

When do proteins undergo post-translational modification?

A

As they move through the golgi body.

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13
Q

What is the major modification of proteins?

A

The addition of carbohydrate groups.

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14
Q

How do molecules move through the golgi discs?

A

In vesicles that bud off from one disc and fuse to the next one in the stack.

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15
Q

What do enzymes catalyse in the formation of carbohydrates?

A

The addition of various sugars in multiple steps.

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16
Q

Where do vesicles that leave the golgi body take proteins?

A

The plasma membrane and lysosomes.

17
Q

How do vesicles move through the cell?

A

In microtubules.