The Hardy Weinberg Principle and Fitness Flashcards
What is the Hardy Weinberg Principle?
In the absence of any evolutionary influences, allele and genotype frequency in a population will remain constant over generations.
What are the conditions for maintaining the HW equilibrium?
- No natural selection
- Random mating
- No mutations
- Large population size and no gene flow
What is the HW formula?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
What is p?
The frequency of the dominant allele
What is q?
The frequency of the recessive allele
What is p2?
The frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype.
What is 2pq?
The frequency of the heterozygous genotype
What is q2?
The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.
What is fitness?
An indication of an individual’s ability to be successful at surviving and reproducing.
How can fitness be measured?
In absolute or relative terms.
What is absolute fitness?
The ratio between the number of individuals of a particular genotype after selection, to those before selection.
What is shown if the absolute fitness is 1?
The genotype is stable.
What is conveyed if the absolute fitness is greater than 1?
There is an increase in the genotype.
What is conveyed if the absolute fitness is less than 1?
A decrease in the genotype.
What is the formula for absolute fitness?
frequency of a particular genotype after selection / frequency of a particular genotype
before selection
