Sexual and Parental Investment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the advantage of internal fertilisation?

A

It increases the chance of fertilisation.

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2
Q

What is the disadvantage of internal fertilisation?

A

A highly advanced reproductive system is required.

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3
Q

What is the advantage of external fertilisation?

A

It requires little parental care.

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4
Q

What is the disadvantage of external fertilisation?

A

It requires a mating display.

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5
Q

What is the advantage of parental investment?

A

It increases the chance of survival for the offspring.

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6
Q

What is the number of offspring produced dependent on?

A

Environmental conditions.

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7
Q

What happens in a stable environment ?

A

A smaller number of expensive young are produced.

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8
Q

What happens in an unstable environment?

A

A large number of inexpensive offspring are produced.

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9
Q

Why does polygamy often involve a single male and several females?

A

As males have no role in feeding offspring.

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Only half of the population can reproduce and each parent can only pass on half of their genetic code, interrupting beneficial parental genomes.

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11
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Allows for genetic variation, organisms can adapt to changing conditions, genetic variation provides raw material required for arms race against parasites.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

A

When recolonising an area, it is beneficial as it is faster. Whole beneficial genomes are passed onto offspring.

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13
Q

When can asexual reproduction be successful?

A

When an organism’s niche is narrow and stable.

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of asexual production?

A

Organisms are not able to adapt easily.

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15
Q

How can asexually reproducing organisms adapt?

A

By mutations.

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16
Q

What does horizontal gene transfer allow for?

A

Genetic variation in asexually reproducing organisms.

17
Q

When is parthenogenesis more common?

A

When the climate is cool and so disadvantageous to parasites or a low parasite density.