Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.

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2
Q

Why is the proteome larger than the genome?

A

Because of alternative RNA splicing and post-translational modification.

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3
Q

When does a conformational change occur?

A

When a molecule is added to a protein.

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4
Q

What is alternative RNA splicing?

A

Depending on whether a segment of RNA is treated as an intron or an exon, different mature mRNA molecules are produced.

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5
Q

What is post translational modification?

A

The polypeptide can be cut and combined in different ways or can have phosphate or carbohydrate groups added.

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6
Q

What can be an indicator of diseases such as heart disease or cancer?

A

A change in a protein produced in a cell due to effects of disease.

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7
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

The processing and packaging of proteins.

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8
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

The production of proteins for export out with the cell.

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9
Q

What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

The synthesis of lipids.

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10
Q

What is cooperative binding?

A

Binding between subunits where binding at one subunit alters the affinity of the remaining subunits.

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11
Q

What is the name of the second site on a protein?

A

The allosteric site.

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12
Q

What do modulators do?

A

Regulate the activity of an enzyme when they bind to the allosteric site.

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13
Q

What happens following the binding of a modulator?

A

The conformation of the enzyme changes and this alters the affinity of the active site for the substrate.

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14
Q

What a decrease in pH or an increase in temperature do to the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen?

A

Lowers it so the binding of oxygen is reduced and so more oxygen is available to the muscles.

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15
Q

Where do allosteric interactions occur?

A

Between spatially distinct sites.

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16
Q

What does the binding of a substrate molecule to one active site of an allosteric enzyme result in?

A

An increase in the affinity of other active sites for binding of subsequent substrate molecules.

17
Q

What is an allosteric enzyme?

A

One which has 2-4 binding sites.

18
Q

In an allosteric protein what is the result of a change in binding at one subunit?

A

It alters the affinity of the remaining subunits.