Proteins Flashcards
What is the proteome?
The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome.
Why is the proteome larger than the genome?
Because of alternative RNA splicing and post-translational modification.
When does a conformational change occur?
When a molecule is added to a protein.
What is alternative RNA splicing?
Depending on whether a segment of RNA is treated as an intron or an exon, different mature mRNA molecules are produced.
What is post translational modification?
The polypeptide can be cut and combined in different ways or can have phosphate or carbohydrate groups added.
What can be an indicator of diseases such as heart disease or cancer?
A change in a protein produced in a cell due to effects of disease.
What is the function of the golgi body?
The processing and packaging of proteins.
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
The production of proteins for export out with the cell.
What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
The synthesis of lipids.
What is cooperative binding?
Binding between subunits where binding at one subunit alters the affinity of the remaining subunits.
What is the name of the second site on a protein?
The allosteric site.
What do modulators do?
Regulate the activity of an enzyme when they bind to the allosteric site.
What happens following the binding of a modulator?
The conformation of the enzyme changes and this alters the affinity of the active site for the substrate.
What a decrease in pH or an increase in temperature do to the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen?
Lowers it so the binding of oxygen is reduced and so more oxygen is available to the muscles.
Where do allosteric interactions occur?
Between spatially distinct sites.
