Transmission and Virulence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is transmission?

A

The spread of parasite to a host.

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2
Q

What is virulence?

A

The harm caused to a host species by a parasite.

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3
Q

How are ectoparasites transmitted?

A

Through direct contact or consumption of intermediate hosts.

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4
Q

How are endoparasites often transmitted?

A

By vectors.

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5
Q

What are factors that increase transmission rate?

A

The overcrowding of hosts when they are at high density.
Mechanisms such as vectors and waterborne dispersal stages that allow the parasite to spread even when the host in incapacitated.

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6
Q

How do parasites maximise transmission?

A

By exploiting and modifying host behaviour.

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7
Q

What are behaviours that parasites exploit ?

A

Foraging, movement, sexual behaviour, habitat choice, anti-predator behaviour.

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8
Q

How does host modification affect the parasite?

A

The host behaviour becomes part of the extended phenotype of the parasite.

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9
Q

How do parasites increase parasite growth, reproduction and transmission?

A

They suppress the host immune system and modify host size and reproductive rate.

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