Transport Mechanism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the act of molecules moving from a high concentration gradient to a low one?

A

Diffusion

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2
Q

Transport that relies solely on diffusion.

A

Passive Transport

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3
Q

Transports without added energy.

A

Passive Transport

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4
Q

Types of Diffusion

A

Simple

Osmosis

Facilitated

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5
Q

Diffusion that only relies on concentration.

A

Simple Diffusion

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6
Q

Diffusion with solvent movement, usually water.

A

Osmosis

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7
Q

Water molecules can go through a semi-permeable membrane as they are ___.

A

So small.

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8
Q

In other cases, osmosis can also be facilitated by proteins called?

A

Aquaporins

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9
Q

What do Aquaporins do?

A

More efficient and faster transport.

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10
Q

A review:

The dissolved substance in a solution.

A

Solute

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11
Q

A review:

The dissolving medium in a solution.

A

Solvent

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12
Q

If Simple Diffusion focuses on solute transport between gradients, Osmosis is?

A

Solvent Transport (Usually Water)

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13
Q

Osmosis involves the solvent (usually water) going from a ___ solvent concentration to a ___ solvent concentration.

A

High solvent concentration to a low solvent concentration.

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14
Q

If the solution has more solute outside, it is called a?

A

Hypertonic Solution

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15
Q

If the solution has more solute inside, it is called a?

A

Hypotonic Solution

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16
Q

What happens if the solution is hypertonic?

A

The cell will shrink.

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17
Q

What happens if the solution is hypotonic?

A

The cell will burst.

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18
Q

Analogy for Remembrance

Hyper soln is to

as with

Hypo soln is to

A

Hyper, meaning more tired, use of energy, meaning the cell will eventually shrink.

Hypo, well fuck, it’s hard to make one. Just remember the other one.

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19
Q

An equilibrium is reached between both solvent and solute.

A

Isotonic Solution

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20
Q

Supplementary Example

Since the roots are hypertonic, the soil is ___?

A

Hypotonic

*This is important since the roots have more solute, water is sucked in.

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21
Q

Analogy

Passive Transport: High to Low
Active Transport: ___

A

Low to High

22
Q

How do plant cells not burst in hypotonic solution?

A

The pressure exerted by the fluid is called turgor pressure. This is what actually makes the cell wall rigid.

23
Q

Why is it that plant cells prefer being in hypotonic solutions rather than being isotonic like animal cells do?

A

It prefers being turgid since the plant needs more water for storage.

24
Q

It goes against the concentration gradient.

A

Active Transport

25
Q

Carrier proteins that use energy.

A

Protein Pumps

26
Q

A specific solute will bind to the protein pump on what side of the membrane?

A

One Side

27
Q

Causes a conformational change in the protein pump.

A

The hydrolysis of ATP (to ADP + Pi).

28
Q

Energy may be generated through:

A

Primary and Secondary Active Transports

29
Q

Direct hydrolysis of ATP.

A

Primary Active Transport

30
Q

Indirectly coupling transport with another molecule that is moving along its electrochemical gradient.

A

Secondary Active Transport

31
Q

Types of Carrier Proteins

A

Uniporter

Symporter

Antiporter

32
Q

Carrier proteins are part of what process?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

33
Q

Transports a single type of molecule or ion

A

Uniporter

34
Q

Transport two molecules or ions in the same direction.

A

Symporter

35
Q

Transports two molecules or ions in the opposite directions.

A

Antiporter

36
Q

Na+- K+ ATPase

A

Carries Sodium and Potassium ions

37
Q

H+-K+ ATPase

A

Carries Hydrogen and Potassium ions

38
Q

Ca2+ ATPase

A

Carries Calcium Ions only

39
Q

H+ ATPase

A

Carries Hydrogen ions only

40
Q

The difference in the electrical potential (voltage) across the cell membrane.

A

Membrane Potential

41
Q

Due to atoms and molecules forming ions and holding either positive or negative electrical charges.

A

Membrane Potential

42
Q

When there is a net separation of charges in space, there is?

A

An Electrical Potential Difference

43
Q

In a cell, the inside of the cell has more ___ charges compared to the outside.

A

Negative Charges

44
Q

Why is it more negative inside?

A

For sodium-potassium pumps.

45
Q

It uses energy released in ATP hydrolysis to move sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell.

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

46
Q

A sodium-potassium pump involves an integral protein that exchanges ___ sodium ions (moves out of the cell) with ___ potassium ions (moves into the cell)

A

3 sodium ions for moving out of the cell.

2 potassium ions for moving in the cell.

47
Q

Why is a Sodium-Potassium Pump cost energy?

A

Both types of ions are moving from where they are less concentrated to where they are more concentrated.

48
Q

At rest, when the sodium-potassium pump expels sodium ions from the nerve cell, ___.

A

Potassium ions are accumulated within

49
Q

When the neuron fires, both sodium and potassium ions what?

A

Swap locations via facilitated diffusion via sodium and potassium channels.

50
Q
A