Supplementary Terminologies for the Cell Cycle Flashcards
The chromosome is composed of what parts?
P-arm
Centromere
Q-arm
Telomere
Cohesins
Short arm upwards
P-arm
Long arm downwards
Q-arm
Tips of the chromosome
Telomere
How does multiple rounds of cell division affect the telomere?
With each cell division, the length of the telomere shortens.
Holds the sister chromatids together for condensation.
Cohesins
Point where sister chromatids are joined together
Centromere
Thin fibrous strand of DNA and proteins coiled.
Chromatin
Chromatin is wrapped around organizing proteins called?
Histones
One-half of a chromosome.
Chromatid
A chromosome can be made up of ___.
Two sister chromatids or one chromatid.
The same 100%.
Sister Chromatids
Non-Sister Chromatids can be considered as?
Homologous Chromosomes
Same Centromere
Same Gene Location
Same Length
Different Alleles
Non-Sister Chromatids/Homologous Chromosomes
Another term for gene location?
Loci
Alternative versions of a gene.
Allele
A cysteine protease responsible for removing the cohesion between sister chromatids
Separase
An example of an allele differing in homologous chromosomes.
From your paternal, you get blue eyes.
From your maternal, you get brown eyes.
So, why is it that homologous chromosomes only differ in alleles?
Since they pair with each other in Meiosis, you cannot pair a trait for the eye, for a trait specializing in hair color. It should be the same.
Pairs of chromosomes that completely differ.
Non-Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of XY chromosomes are an example of?
Non-Homologous Chromosomes
2n
Diploid
n
Haploid
When you refer to n…
It is equal to 23 chromosomes.
Chromosomes are counted by the number of?
Centromeres
If there are 46 chromatids with a centromere, how many chromosomes are there?
46
How many chromosomes are there in total?
46
How many from each parent?
23 pairs each
There are how many autosomes?
22
How many pairs of sex chromosomes?
1
Tetrads
Four Sister Chromatids
