Cell Modification Flashcards
Newly formed cells are structurally modified so that
they can perform their function efficiently and effectively.
Cell Modification
When does cell modification occur?
After cell division.
Type of Modifications
Apical
Lateral
Basal
Found on the ___ surface of the cell.
Occurs mostly in epithelial cells.
Apical Modifications
(SAM)
Secretion
Absorption
Movement of Luminal Contents
Locomotion
Sensing pH
In some organisms, ingestion.
Apical Modifications
Found on the ___ surface of the cell for anchorage and/or attachment.
Basal Modifications
Function for intercellular connections with the adjacent/neighboring cells.
Lateral Modifications
Apical Structures:
a. Villi/Microvilli
b. Pseudopods
c. Cilia
d. Flagella
e. Root hair
Lateral Structures:
a. Tight Junctions
b. Adherens/Adhering Junction
c. Gap Junction
Basal Structures:
a. Desmosomes
b. Hemidesmosomes
c. Basal infoldings
Brush, Finger-like cytoplasmic extensions
Villi/Microvilli
Increases Surface Area of Absorption for Nutrients in the Small Intestines
Villi/Microvilli
In the villi, blood capillaries absorb what?
Glucose and Amino Acids
In the villi, lacteal is used for absorbing what?
Fatty acids and Glycerol
Rapid back-and-forth movement.
Cilia
Made up of Microtubules (Axoneme, Central Core).
Connected to a basal body and extends from
the free surface.
Cilia
Function of Cilia
Paramecium and Balantidium (Protozoa Locomotion)
Mammalian Oviduct (Egg Travel)
Respiratory Tract (Cleaning Debris)
Short hair-like Projections
Cilia
Surface of Primary and Secondary Roots in Plant Roots
10 Micrometers and Long tubular-shaped.
Root Hair
Nutrient Acquisition in Plants (Increase Absorption through Surface Area), Anchorage, and Microbe Interaction
Root Hair
Two cells stacked together.
Tight Junctions
Two proteins called claudins and occludins.
Tight Junctions
Regulates passage of ions, water, and macromolecules. Avoids leakage.
Skin, blood vessels, cavities, bladder and intestines.
Tight Junctions
Below tight junctions.
Adherens Junction
Makes sure cells are stable anchored to cadherin receptors in epithelial (closely-packed) tissues.
Adherens Junction
Has cadherin receptors that bridge neighboring plasma membranes
Adherens Junction
“Plasmodesmata” of Animal Cell, allowing of fast passage of electrical signals through connection.
Gap Junction
Composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels.
Epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth
muscle (such as that of the intestines).
Gap Junction
Cell-Cell Junction
Desmosomes
Cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to
intermediate filaments.
Desmosomes
“Stretch” due to mechanical strength because of complexity or tensile strength (stress release).
Desmosomes
“Filter”, regulates ions as a passage. These increase surface area for ion transport in the mitochondria.
Basal Infoldings
Attaches the cell to the basement membrane (only one attached). Consists of integrin for Mechanical Integrity.
Hemidesmosomes
Legs of Amoeba made up of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Locomotion, Sensing, and Ingestion
Pseuodopods
Tail-like Projections
Flagella
Nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules
Flagella
Used for locomotion such as the sperm cells, mastigophora, and gametes of algae, fungi, mosses, and slime molds.
Flagella
Only Flagellated Cell in Human Body?
Sperm Cell
