transport in humans Flashcards
what is the 2 main function of blood
to transport substances around the body and
to protect our body from infections
blood is made out of 4 components. what are they?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
the function of red blood cells
transports oxygen throughout the body
the function of white blood cells
ingests and destroys foreign particles through phagocytosis (the process of engulfing foreign substance)
the function of platelets
prevent excessive blood loos through blood clotting
the function of plasma
transport various substances around the body
such as blood cells, ions, soluble food substances, hormones, dissolved carbon dioxide, vitamins, urea etc etc
allow diffusion and exchange of substance
describe blood clotting
damaged blood vessels activates platelets
then they convert plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin strands from a mesh of fibres arnd the platelet plug and traps blood cells to form a clot
the circulatory system consists of…
the heart and blood vessels
the heart is a muscular pump that…
circulates blood throughout the body
what are the 3 main types of blood vessels
arteries, veins and capillaries
the wall thickness of arteries
thick wall, muscular elastic tissue
the wall thickness of veins
thin & less elastic tissue
the wall thickness of capillaries
one-cell thick
the function of valves
prevent back flow of blood
are there valves in the arteries
absent
are there valves in the vein
present
are there valves in the capillaries
absent
how big is the lumen in the arteries
small lumen relative to a diameter
how big is the lumen in the vein
large lumen relative to a diameter
how big is the lumen in the capillaries
largest lumen relative to a diameter
high or low pressure of blood flow in arteries
high pressure
pulmonary - ?
hepatic - ?
renal - ?
pulmonary - lungs
hepatic - liver
renal - kidney
what is the largest vein in the body
vena cava
what is the largest artery in the body
aorta
tricuspid valve is in the right or left atrium
right atrium
bicuspid valve
left atrium
function of semi lunar valves
prevents back flow of blood into ventricles when the ventricles relax
function of tricuspid valve
prevents back flow of blood into right atrium when right ventricle contracts
function of bicuspid valve
prevents back flow of blood into left atrium when left ventricles contracts
function of pulmonary artery
brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs for
function of pulmonary vein
brings oxygenated blood back to the heart from
why does the muscular walls of the left side of the heart muscles has to be thicker?
as the left ventricle pump blood to the systematic circulation and the right ventricle pump blood to the nearby lungs
describe coronary heart disease
it is the build up of fatty acids in the inner walls of the coronary artery and disrupts the flow of blood to the heart muscles.
resulting in the blood of flow to the heart muscles reduced = lack of oxygen and nutrients = death of heart muscles, led to heart attack
what are the 3 factors that caused coronary heart disease
smoking
emotional stress
diet rich in fats and cholestrol
what are the 3 ways to prevent coronary heart disease
healthy diet
proper management of stress
regular exercise
what is the antibodies called in white blood cells
lymphocytes
what is the function of lymphocytes
it protects the body by destroying bacteria
what is the function of phagocytes
it undergoes a process called phagocytosis
where it engulfs and ingest foreign particles
arteries carries blood…
away
veins carries blood…
towards
