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z-biology > transport in humans > Flashcards

transport in humans Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the 2 main function of blood

A

to transport substances around the body and
to protect our body from infections

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2
Q

blood is made out of 4 components. what are they?

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

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3
Q

the function of red blood cells

A

transports oxygen throughout the body

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4
Q

the function of white blood cells

A

ingests and destroys foreign particles through phagocytosis (the process of engulfing foreign substance)

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5
Q

the function of platelets

A

prevent excessive blood loos through blood clotting

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6
Q

the function of plasma

A

transport various substances around the body
such as blood cells, ions, soluble food substances, hormones, dissolved carbon dioxide, vitamins, urea etc etc
allow diffusion and exchange of substance

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7
Q

describe blood clotting

A

damaged blood vessels activates platelets
then they convert plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin strands from a mesh of fibres arnd the platelet plug and traps blood cells to form a clot

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8
Q

the circulatory system consists of…

A

the heart and blood vessels

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9
Q

the heart is a muscular pump that…

A

circulates blood throughout the body

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10
Q

what are the 3 main types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

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11
Q

the wall thickness of arteries

A

thick wall, muscular elastic tissue

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12
Q

the wall thickness of veins

A

thin & less elastic tissue

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13
Q

the wall thickness of capillaries

A

one-cell thick

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14
Q

the function of valves

A

prevent back flow of blood

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15
Q

are there valves in the arteries

A

absent

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16
Q

are there valves in the vein

A

present

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17
Q

are there valves in the capillaries

A

absent

18
Q

how big is the lumen in the arteries

A

small lumen relative to a diameter

19
Q

how big is the lumen in the vein

A

large lumen relative to a diameter

20
Q

how big is the lumen in the capillaries

A

largest lumen relative to a diameter

21
Q

high or low pressure of blood flow in arteries

A

high pressure

22
Q

pulmonary - ?
hepatic - ?
renal - ?

A

pulmonary - lungs
hepatic - liver
renal - kidney

23
Q

what is the largest vein in the body

A

vena cava

24
Q

what is the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

25
Q

tricuspid valve is in the right or left atrium

A

right atrium

26
Q

bicuspid valve

A

left atrium

27
Q

function of semi lunar valves

A

prevents back flow of blood into ventricles when the ventricles relax

28
Q

function of tricuspid valve

A

prevents back flow of blood into right atrium when right ventricle contracts

29
Q

function of bicuspid valve

A

prevents back flow of blood into left atrium when left ventricles contracts

30
Q

function of pulmonary artery

A

brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs for

31
Q

function of pulmonary vein

A

brings oxygenated blood back to the heart from

32
Q

why does the muscular walls of the left side of the heart muscles has to be thicker?

A

as the left ventricle pump blood to the systematic circulation and the right ventricle pump blood to the nearby lungs

33
Q

describe coronary heart disease

A

it is the build up of fatty acids in the inner walls of the coronary artery and disrupts the flow of blood to the heart muscles.
resulting in the blood of flow to the heart muscles reduced = lack of oxygen and nutrients = death of heart muscles, led to heart attack

34
Q

what are the 3 factors that caused coronary heart disease

A

smoking
emotional stress
diet rich in fats and cholestrol

35
Q

what are the 3 ways to prevent coronary heart disease

A

healthy diet
proper management of stress
regular exercise

36
Q

what is the antibodies called in white blood cells

A

lymphocytes

37
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes

A

it protects the body by destroying bacteria

38
Q

what is the function of phagocytes

A

it undergoes a process called phagocytosis
where it engulfs and ingest foreign particles

39
Q

arteries carries blood…

A

away

40
Q

veins carries blood…

A

towards

z-biology (11 decks)

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