nutrition in plants and transport in plant Flashcards
what is the function of waxy cuticle
prevents excessive evaporation from top and bottom leaf
why is the waxy cuticle transparent
to allow light to enter the leaf
is waxy cuticle a cell
no
why does the upper and lower epidermis does not have chloroplast
to allow light to reach the cells beneath
why does palisade mesophyll have large no. of chloroplasts
to absorb light energy
why does palisade mesophyll contain more chloroplasts than spongy mesophyll
this is because it is closer to the upper surface of the leaf thus receives more light/ sunlight
why does chloroplasts have loosely packed with intercellular air spaces
so that it can facilitate diffusion of gases
what is the function of stomata
to allow gaseous exchange of gases between leaf and atmosphere
difference between stoma and stomata
stoma - singular
stomata - plural
where are stomata found
it is found only on lower epidermis
what is the function of guard cells
to control the size of stomata for gaseos exchange
vascular bundle consists of…
xylem and phloem
what is the function of xylem
transport H2O and mineral salts from roots to the leaves
what is the function of phloem
transport manufactured food (sucrose + amino acid)from leaf to other parts of the plants
xylem is located inside/outside
phloem is located inside/outside
xylem is located inside
phloem is located outside
what food does phloem transports
sucrose and amino acids
what are the 3 internal structures where photosynthesis can take place
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
guard cells
carbohydrates are made in…
chloroplasts
at stomata, diffusion/osmosis occurs
diffusion
difference between palisade and spongy mesophyll
1) P contains more chloroplsts
2) P are closely packed while S are loosely packed
word eqn of photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O —————–> glucose + oxygen
(light & chlorophyll)
source of energy for photosynthesis
sun
what happens to the product after photosynthesis
oxygen diffuses out of the stomata
glucose converted into starch and stored in the leaves. it is then used to release energy
explain the process of photosynthesis
green plant has chlorophyll to trap sunlight, it is a source of energy that is needed to carry out photosynthesis
light energy is converted to chemical potential energy
CO2 and H2O are taken in by plant
and converted into oxygen and glucose
what are the 3 factors affecting photosynthesis
light intensity
CO2 concentration
temp
what is limiting factor
a factor that stops the reaction from occurring
what is transpiration pull
where water vapour escapes from stomata of leaves via transpiration
water from xylem at leaves is removed to replace the water lost
suction force pulls water up the xylem as water in leaf cells being replaced
what is translocation
it is the transport of food
what is transportation in a plant
it is the movement of water through a plant
explain how the movement of water moves throughout the plant in diffusion in evaporation in transportation in osmosis
1) diffusion -water diffuses out of the leaf in the stomata
2) evaporation -more water evaporates inside the leaf
3) transportation pull -thus, causes the water to be pulled up by the plant through the xylem
4) osmosis - water then enters through the roots by osmosis
what are the 4 factors affecting transportation
temperature
light
wind
humidity
explain wilting
where there is excessive transportation and plants do not take in enough water = wilting occurs
plant wilts, leaves will fold up and reduce the surface area exposed to the sun, reducing the water loss
loss or water results in guard cells flaccid and stomata closes
hence transportation decreases
what are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells
it is closely packed
large no. of chloroplasts to absorb light energy = carry out the most photosynthesis
wall coated with layer of moisture to allow gases to dissolve before diffusing into the cells
what are the adaptations of spongy mesophyll cells
less chloroplasts, less photosynthesis
loosely packed with intercellular air spaces to facilitate diffusion of gases
wall coated with layer of moisture to allow gases to dissolve before diffusing into the cells
what is the function of chloroplasts
contain chlorophyll which absorb light energy
what gas does a plant take in
carbon dioxide
what happens after the plant takes carbon dioxide? where does it enter through?
it enters through the stomata
dissolve in a thin film of moisture on the spongy mesophyll cells and diffuses into the cells
