Transport in Animals

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

A circulatory system is a system of tubes (blood vessels) with a pump (the heart) and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

Question 2

What type of circulatory system do fish have?

Answer 2

Single circulatory system

Question 3

Describe a single circulatory system

Answer 3

The blood only passes through the heart once for each full circuit of the body
Heart - gills - body

Question 4

What type of circulatory systems do mammals have?

Answer 4

Double circulatory system

Question 5

Describe the double circulatory system

Answer 5

Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit
Heart→body→Heart→Lungs

Question 6

What is the advantage of double circulation?

Answer 6

can sustain a greater blood pressure, which accelerates blood flow and allows for quicker delivery of nutrients and waste removal.

Question 7

What is the name of the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart?

Answer 7

The Septum

Question 8

Why is the septum important?

Answer 8

It separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood.

Question 9

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 9

The left ventricle has to pump blood a further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure

Question 10

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

Answer 10

The ventricles need to pump blood at a higher pressure around the body and to the lungs whereas the atria only need to pump the blood into the ventricles (a shorter distance) so do not need to generate as high of a pressure

Question 11

What is the difference in function between veins, arteries and capillaries?

Answer 11

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart
• Veins carry blood towards (into) the heart
• Capillaries is where the exchange of oxygen, nutrient etc happens between blood and tissues.

Question 12

What is coronary
heart disease?

Answer 12

When the coronary arteries that supply the blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up

Question 13

Common Risk
Factors of CHD

Answer 13

Age
Smoking
Genetics
Gender
Stress
Poor diet
Lack of exercise

Question 14

structure of arteries

Answer 14

Narrow lumen to carry blood under high pressure
Thicker walls & elastic fibers
No valves

Question 15

structure of veins

Answer 15

walls are thinner then arteries, has valves that prevent
back flow, veins have larger lumen because the blood is
at a very low pressure

Question 16

structure of capillaries

Answer 16

They have thin walls about one cell thick to allow for the easy exchange of substances at the tissues.

Question 17

What are the four chambers of the heart and their functions?

Answer 17

• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood and passes it to the right ventricle
• The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygenated.
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
• The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

Question 18

types of valves in the heart

Answer 18

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

Question 19

atrioventricular valves

Answer 19

Tricuspid valve. Mitral valve.

Question 20

semilunar valves

Answer 20

pulmonary and aortic valves