Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms

Question 1

What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share?

Answer 1

• Movement
• Respiration
• Sensitivity
• Homeostatis
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Excretion
• Nutrition

Question 2

Movement

Answer 2

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

the chemical reactions that breaks down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Question 4

Sensitivity

Answer 4

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

the maintenance of constant internal conditions/environment

Question 6

Growth

Answer 6

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 7

Reproduction

Answer 7

the process by which living organisms create more organisms of their kind.

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

The process of removing waste products of metabolic reactions, toxic materials and excess substances from an organism

Question 9

Nutrition

Answer 9

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 10

Why are viruses considered to be non-living?

Answer 10

They do not have all of the 8 characteristics/processes of living organisms (e.g: they cant respire)

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

a group of organisms that reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 12

Give 2 ways organsims can be classified

Answer 12

○ Due to being a descendant from a common ancestor
○ Using morphology and anatomy

Question 13

Morphology

Answer 13

form and shape of the organism

Question 14

Anatomy

Answer 14

detailed body structure as determined by dissection

Question 15

How are modern classification techniques more accurate?

Answer 15

gives a more precise and detailed understanding about the relationships of organisms

Question 16

How can organisms that share recent common ancestors be identified?

Answer 16

Organisms which share a more recent ancestor (closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor.

Question 17

The 5 Kingdoms

Answer 17

animal, plant, fungi, protist and prokaryote

Question 18

Describe the binomial naming system

Answer 18

The first word: Genus
The first letter is always capital
The second word: Species
All letters are lowercase

Question 19

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

Answer 19

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Question 20

State features that all cells share

Answer 20

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes and enzymes

Question 21

Parts of an animal cell

Answer 21

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

Question 22

Parts of plant cell

Answer 22

Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Question 23

The 2 broad groups of animals

Answer 23

Vertebrates & Invertebrates

Question 24

Difference between invertebrates and vertebrates

Answer 24

Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates dont

Question 25

what are the 5 main groups of vertebrates?

Answer 25

Mammals, Reptiles, Fish, Amphibians, and Birds

Question 26

Anthropods

Answer 26

• An invertebrate with an exoskeleton
• Insects, Myriapods, Arachnids, Crustaceans

Question 27

Broad Groups of Plants

Answer 27

Flowering & Non-flowering

Question 28

2 main groups of flowering plants

Answer 28

Monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Question 29

What is the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Answer 29

■ Flowers from monocotyledons contain petals in multiples of 3 and have parallel leave lines
■ Flowers from dicotyledons contain petals in multiples of 4 or 5 and have reticulated leaf veins (meaning that they are all interconnected and form a web-like network throughout the leaf)