Organisation of the Organism

Question 1

State the organelles both plant and animal cells have:

Answer 1

○ Cell Membrane
○ Cytoplasm
○ Nucleus
○ Mitochondria
○ Ribosomes
○ Vesicles

Question 2

Function of Cell Membrane

Answer 2

It forms the outer boundary of the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 3

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 3

The jelly-like substance within the cell and contains various organelles (eg. ribosomes and vesicles) and is the site of many cellular chemical reactions.

Question 4

Function of Nucleus

Answer 4

contains genetic material (DNA), which controls the activities of the cell, in the form of chromosomes

Question 5

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 5

produces energy for the cell, through cellular respiration

Question 6

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 6

site for protein synthesis

Question 7

Function of Vesicles

Answer 7

used to transport materials in the cell

Question 8

State the organelles only plant cells have:

Answer 8

○ Vacuole
○ Cell Wall
○ Chloroplasts

Question 9

Function of Vacuole

Answer 9

contains cell sap, stores food and water & helps to maintain the shape of the cell

Question 10

Function of Cell Wall

Answer 10

is made of cellulose, gives the cell structure and prevents bursting.

Question 11

Function of Chloroplasts

Answer 11

are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy & contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color.

Question 12

Difference between bacteria and typical cells

Answer 12

Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms and they have no nucleus or mitochondria and their cell wall isn’t made of cellulose.

Question 13

State the organelles bacteria cells have & their function:

Answer 13

Contain plasmids, which often carry genes that provide advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance, and sometimes flagella, which are long whip-like structures that allow for movement.

Question 14

Define cell

Answer 14

Basic functional and structural units in a living organism

Question 15

Define organelle

Answer 15

a specialised part of a cell that has its own function (e.g. the nucleus)

Question 16

Define tissues

Answer 16

A group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function

Question 17

Define organ

Answer 17

A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function

Question 18

Define organ system

Answer 18

A group of related organs working together to carry out functions in the body

Question 19

Function of Ciliated Cell and where it is found

Answer 19

Found In : lining the trachea and bronchi of animals
Function: move mucus upwards to the throat

Question 20

Adaptations of Ciliated Cell

Answer 20

have hair-like projections called cilia which move together to transport mucus

Question 21

Function of Neurone and where it is found

Answer 21

Found In : nervous system of animals
Function : conducting electrical impulses

Question 22

Adaptation of Neurone

Answer 22

The axons are myelinated, which insulates the cell and prevents the impulse weakening and slowing down. They also contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy and are long so there is efficient transmission of electrical impulses over long distances. Dendrites have a large surface area and are branched to receive impulses from many other neurons.

Question 23

Function of Red Blood Cell and where it is found

Answer 23

Found In : the blood of mammals
Function : transporting oxygen

Question 24

Adaptations of Red Blood Cell

Answer 24

contains haemoglobin which allows them to carry oxygen around the body. have a biconcave shape which increases their surface area, allowing for rapid diffusion. don’t contain a nucleus, thus have more space for oxygen

Question 25

Function of Sperm Cell and where it is found

Answer 25

Found In : produced in testes of mammals
Function : male gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 26

Adaptations of Sperm Cell

Answer 26

Has a tail (to swim to the egg), Contains enzymes in the acrosome (to digest through the jelly coat of the egg cell), Contains many mitochondria (provides energy from respiration)

Question 27

Function of Egg Cell and where it is found

Answer 27

Found In : produced in ovaries of mammals
Function : female gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 28

Adaptation of Egg Cell

Answer 28

contains cytoplasm (provides energy to divide the zygote) and jelly coating (prevents too many sperm from getting to the egg at the same time)

Question 29

Function of Root Hair Cell and where it is found

Answer 29

Found In : near the tips of roots of flowering plants
Function : absorption of water & mineral ions

Question 30

Adaptation of Root Hair Cell

Answer 30

The hair gives a large surface area to increase the rate of water absorption, Large amount of mitochondria to provide more energy for the active transport of mineral ions.

Question 31

Function of Palisade Mesophyll Cell and where it is found

Answer 31

Found In : surface of leaves of flowering plants
Function : photosynthesis

Question 32

Adaptation of Palisade Mesophyll Cell

Answer 32

closely packed and placed on the surface of the leaf to efficiently absorb light and contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Question 33

Define Magnification

Answer 33

how many times larger an image is than the actual object

Question 34

Formula for Magnification

Answer 34

Magnification = Image Size/ Actual Object Size

Question 35

cm to mm

Answer 35

x 10

Question 36

mm to µm

Answer 36

x 1000