transport in animals

Question 1

what is circulation through the lungs called

Answer 1

pulmonary circulation

Question 2

what is circulation around the rest of the body called

Answer 2

systemic circulation

Question 3

what is circulatory system

Answer 3

system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood

Question 4

advantages of double circulatory system

Answer 4

more efficient in delivering nutrient and oxygen more quickly
control blood pressure so wont damage exchange system
increase pressure of blood flow
separation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

Question 5

why does valves have strong tendons

Answer 5

prevent valves from turning inside out

Question 6

what is the use of coronary arteries

Answer 6

supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients

Question 7

how does heart pump

Answer 7

initiated by pacemaker
nerve impulses cause atrium to contract (atrial systole) Av valve open
nerve impulses reaches ventricles and cause ventricle to contract (ventricular systole) semilunar valve open
cardiac muscle relax (ventricular diastole)

Question 8

how is the pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart controlled

Answer 8

pace maker

Question 9

where is pacemaker

Answer 9

right atrium

Question 10

what does the electrical signals from pacemaker ensure

Answer 10

atria contract before ventricles
heartbeat is fast enough to meet body’s demands

Question 11

what affects heart rate

Answer 11

blood pressure
oxygen and carbon dioxide level
adrenaline

Question 12

what causes heart to beat faster

Answer 12

muscle need more energy so contract more often and powerfully
increased respiration rate means more co2 in blood
lower pH and brain detect this and trigger increase in the electrical signals sent by the pacemaker

Question 13

how to measure heart rate

Answer 13

electrocardiogram, heart sounds and pulse rate

Question 14

how to treat coronary heart disease

Answer 14

drugs, angioplasty, coronary bypass and heart transplant

Question 15

how does drug help treat CGD

Answer 15

stations lower blood cholesterol
lower blood pressure
asprin lowers chance of blood clots

Question 16

describe how angioplasty works

Answer 16

opens up a blocked or narrowed coronary arteries
catheter is threaded through blood vessel in arm up to blocked artery
balloon at end is inflated to push the plaque outwards
stent placed in artery to keep it open

Question 17

describe coronary bypass

Answer 17

divert flow of blood around the section of blocked coronary artery
piece of blood vessel is removed from another part of body
connect it above and below blocked coronary artery
blood flow in heart muscle improves and chest pain decreases

Question 18

function of arterioles

Answer 18

receive blood from the arteries
constrict/ dilate to regulate blood flow

Question 19

function of venules

Answer 19

receive blood from arterioles and connect back to the veins

Question 20

function of shunt vessels

Answer 20

blood vessel that link artery directly to vein allowing blood to bypass the capillaries in certain areas
control blood flow by vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 21

function of blood

Answer 21

transport, defence and regulation

Question 22

blood clotting mechanism

Answer 22

tissue damage, platelets arrive at site and form platelet plug
triggers release of clotting factors
cause conversion of prothrombin to thrombin with vit K and calcium ion
causes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin is insoluble plasma protein
forms network of fibres across wound
rbc trapped and forms blood clot, dries in air to from scab