cells Flashcards
what cells structure are inside an animal cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles
what are the characteristics that help animal cells
denser cytoplasm to allow more dissolved substance and organelles
store food in form of glycogen
irregular shape
what is the use of cell membrane
to allow substances to go in and out due to permeable characteristics made of protein
uses of cytoplasm
where chemical reactions take place to keep cell alive
use of nucleus
controls all activity in a cell and contain genetic information surrounded by nuclear membrane
what is a vesicle
membrane bond space containing food and water
what is a cell wall
fully permeable , gives plant shape and is made of cellulose
what is chloroplast
contains chlorophyll to absorb sunlight
what is a vacuole
contains water and dissolve substances, help cell mains shape
what organelles do plant hv
cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, nucleus
do animal cells have vacuoles, why or why not
it is temporary for digestion or excretion
what is the use of mitochondria
produce energy through the process of respiration
spherical and rod like shape
present is all cells except prokaryotes
which have nuclear membrane: prokaryotes or eukaryotes
eukaryotes
what are ribosomes
made of RNA
read rna &synthesis protein
found in cytoplasm on endoplasmic reticulum ER
combines amino acid required to make specific protein
explain protein synthesis
MRNA (messenger RNA) from nucleus move to ribosomes
ribosomes build amino acid chain
when protein is completed ,RER pinches off a vesicle
vesicles moves to membrane from Golgi apparatus
protein used in cell
what are tissues
similar cells working tgt to carry out a similar function
what are organs
made of tissues that work tgt towards 1 function
what is a system
grp of organ with related function working tgt
cell growth meaning
when cell increases in size/ mass and quantity
cell specialisation meaning
development of cells to hv specific role and structure
process of specialisation
cell divides in 2, where 1 become smth and the other continues splitting
what is / function of ciliated cells
tiny hair called cilia
found along reparatory tract and oviduct
move mucus that contains dust and bacteria in trachea and bronchi
mucus is secreted by goblet cells
what are epithelial cells
goblet cells
line cavities in body
what is the palisade mesophyll and how is it specialised
do photosynthesise
packed with chloroplast
elongated shape and tightly packed tgt
how is the rbc specialised
has no nucleus to make space for haemoglobin
biconcave to increase surface area
flexible to squeeze through blood vessels
where is rbc found and what is it uses
bone marrow; transport oxygen
what does smoking do to rbc
makes it carbon haemoglobin, which contains carbon monoxide. this make it difficult to unbind and takes up spaces so less space of oxygen
how is root hair cells specialised
long protrusion to increase surface area
hair like structures
contains mitochondria to provide energy for uptake of minerals
what is the use of root hair cells
to absorb water and minerals, anchor plant
how is xylem vessels specialised
long thin cells
lignin provides strength and makes vessel waterproof
what is the use of xylem vessel
transport water and minerals from root to leaves and to support plant
difference between phloem and xylem vessels
phloem carries food from leaf to other parts and is located on outer side of vascular bundle where else xylem vessels carry water from root to leaves
what are the 3 types of nerve cells
motor neuron, sensory neuron and replay neuron
what is the use of nerve cell
specialised for conduction of electrical impulses
true or false: xylem vessels has no wall, cytoplasm or nucleus
true
how is nerve cells specialised
they hv myelin sheath that speed up conduction of impulses and makes neuron works like an insulted wire
what is the use or motor neuron
carry impulses frm brain to muscle
what is the use of sensory neuron
carry impulses from receptors to brain
what is the use of replay neuron
carry impulses between the brain and spinal cord
what are the reproductive cells
sperm and egg cells
contains genetic info from parents to ensure continuation of species
has only 1/2 number of normal cells
fuse tgt to produce a zygote
where is sperm and egg cells formed
by gonads
