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biology > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what cells structure are inside an animal cell

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles

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2
Q

what are the characteristics that help animal cells

A

denser cytoplasm to allow more dissolved substance and organelles
store food in form of glycogen
irregular shape

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3
Q

what is the use of cell membrane

A

to allow substances to go in and out due to permeable characteristics made of protein

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4
Q

uses of cytoplasm

A

where chemical reactions take place to keep cell alive

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5
Q

use of nucleus

A

controls all activity in a cell and contain genetic information surrounded by nuclear membrane

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6
Q

what is a vesicle

A

membrane bond space containing food and water

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7
Q

what is a cell wall

A

fully permeable , gives plant shape and is made of cellulose

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8
Q

what is chloroplast

A

contains chlorophyll to absorb sunlight

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9
Q

what is a vacuole

A

contains water and dissolve substances, help cell mains shape

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10
Q

what organelles do plant hv

A

cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, nucleus

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11
Q

do animal cells have vacuoles, why or why not

A

it is temporary for digestion or excretion

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12
Q

what is the use of mitochondria

A

produce energy through the process of respiration
spherical and rod like shape
present is all cells except prokaryotes

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13
Q

which have nuclear membrane: prokaryotes or eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes

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14
Q

what are ribosomes

A

made of RNA
read rna &synthesis protein
found in cytoplasm on endoplasmic reticulum ER
combines amino acid required to make specific protein

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15
Q

explain protein synthesis

A

MRNA (messenger RNA) from nucleus move to ribosomes
ribosomes build amino acid chain
when protein is completed ,RER pinches off a vesicle
vesicles moves to membrane from Golgi apparatus
protein used in cell

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16
Q

what are tissues

A

similar cells working tgt to carry out a similar function

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17
Q

what are organs

A

made of tissues that work tgt towards 1 function

18
Q

what is a system

A

grp of organ with related function working tgt

19
Q

cell growth meaning

A

when cell increases in size/ mass and quantity

20
Q

cell specialisation meaning

A

development of cells to hv specific role and structure

21
Q

process of specialisation

A

cell divides in 2, where 1 become smth and the other continues splitting

22
Q

what is / function of ciliated cells

A

tiny hair called cilia
found along reparatory tract and oviduct
move mucus that contains dust and bacteria in trachea and bronchi
mucus is secreted by goblet cells

23
Q

what are epithelial cells

A

goblet cells

line cavities in body

24
Q

what is the palisade mesophyll and how is it specialised

A

do photosynthesise
packed with chloroplast
elongated shape and tightly packed tgt

25
Q

how is the rbc specialised

A

has no nucleus to make space for haemoglobin
biconcave to increase surface area
flexible to squeeze through blood vessels

26
Q

where is rbc found and what is it uses

A

bone marrow; transport oxygen

27
Q

what does smoking do to rbc

A

makes it carbon haemoglobin, which contains carbon monoxide. this make it difficult to unbind and takes up spaces so less space of oxygen

28
Q

how is root hair cells specialised

A

long protrusion to increase surface area
hair like structures
contains mitochondria to provide energy for uptake of minerals

29
Q

what is the use of root hair cells

A

to absorb water and minerals, anchor plant

30
Q

how is xylem vessels specialised

A

long thin cells

lignin provides strength and makes vessel waterproof

31
Q

what is the use of xylem vessel

A

transport water and minerals from root to leaves and to support plant

32
Q

difference between phloem and xylem vessels

A

phloem carries food from leaf to other parts and is located on outer side of vascular bundle where else xylem vessels carry water from root to leaves

33
Q

what are the 3 types of nerve cells

A

motor neuron, sensory neuron and replay neuron

34
Q

what is the use of nerve cell

A

specialised for conduction of electrical impulses

35
Q

true or false: xylem vessels has no wall, cytoplasm or nucleus

A

true

36
Q

how is nerve cells specialised

A

they hv myelin sheath that speed up conduction of impulses and makes neuron works like an insulted wire

37
Q

what is the use or motor neuron

A

carry impulses frm brain to muscle

38
Q

what is the use of sensory neuron

A

carry impulses from receptors to brain

39
Q

what is the use of replay neuron

A

carry impulses between the brain and spinal cord

40
Q

what are the reproductive cells

A

sperm and egg cells
contains genetic info from parents to ensure continuation of species
has only 1/2 number of normal cells
fuse tgt to produce a zygote

41
Q

where is sperm and egg cells formed

A

by gonads

biology (15 decks)

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