plant nutrition Flashcards
what is photosynthesis
process in which plants use light energy from sun absorbed by chlorophyll is used to convert co2 and water into glucose and oxygen
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
what the the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6Co2 +6h2o –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
describe what happens during photosynthesis
light energy is absorbed by chloroplast
light energy is used to spilt water molecules
hydrogen and carbon dioxide bond to form glucose
oxygen gas is released
what is inorganic and organic material
inorganic material are things like carbon, oxygen etc, they are used to make organic material such as lipid or carbohydrates
which one does human gain nutrition from: inorganic or organic material
organic
how does plant get their nutrient
they take in inorganic material
light energy convert materials to chemical energy producing organic materials
where does photosynthesis happen?
inside leaf, in chloroplast
what are the catalyst in leaves
chlorophyll pigments and enzyme in chloroplast
learn to label leaf and the structure of leaf cell
lamina/blade, midrib, apex, midtrip and petiole
waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade and spongey mesophyll, vascular bundle, lower epidermis, stomata
what are the characteristics that help leaves to obtain carbon dioxide
broad and thin and flat lamina to increase surface area
help out by stem and petiole
stomata helps allow carbon dioxide to enter
airspace for co2 to diffuse to reach mesophyll cell
what are the characteristic that help leaves obtain water
they have xylem vessel to transport water from root to leave
what are the adaptation of a plant that allows them to obtain sunlight
mosaic arrangement: ensure no sunlight gets cut out from leaves
flat and broad surface
epidermis is thin and has no chloroplast
large number of chloroplast in mesophyll
what is the features and adaptations of a cuticle
waxy layer
avoid water loss
what is the features and adaptations of upper epidermis
one cell thick
transparent which allows sunlight to pass
what is the features and adaptations of palisade mesophyll
tall thin and tightly packed, a lot of chloroplast and film of water vapour outside cell
co2 dissolves in film of water before diffusion
what is the features and adaptations of spongey mesophyll
irregular shape increases internal surface area for gas exchange
loosely arrange and has a film of water vapour
more air space to allow diffusion of gases through leaf
what is the features and adaptations of vascular bundle
xylem and phloem
xylem transport water and mineral salts to leaf and phloem transport products of photosynthesis away from leaf
what is the features and adaptations of lower epidermis
guard cell and stomata, no chloroplast
guard cells open and close stomata which allows exchange of gas
what happens to plants in terms of photosynthesis and respiration during the day and night
at day, the rate of photosynthesis is more than rate or respiration. so co2 is removed and oxygen is added to atmosphere
at night, respiration is hgiher than photosynthesis- so co2 is added and oxygen is removed
what do the plants use the extra glucose made when photosynthesis is higher than rate of using nutrients
growth
what do plants use glucose for
change into sucrose to be transported respiration to produce energy change into starch to be stored change into cellulose for cell wall change into amino acid for growth and tissue repair convert to oils to be stored in seeds
what are the factors that affect rate of photosynthesis
temperature, water, carbon dioxide and availability of light
how does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis
the higher the concentration of carbon dioxide, the higher the rate of photosynthesis
how does temperature affect rate of photosynthesis
the higher the temp, the higher the rate
affects rate of enzyme activity
how does the availability of light affect photosynthesis
the higher the availability, the higher the rate
light produces energy for photosynthesis of water
what does the absorbance of light depend on
light intensity, wavelength of light, time light is available and presence of chloroplast
why does a lack of water cause a slower rate of photosynthesis
shortage will close stomata which limits co2 intake
what is a limiting factor
factors that limits process from achieving it’s max possible rate
how do you overcome limiting factors for photosynthesis
greenhouse gas generator- burns coal/oil to make co2 artificial lighting- control intensity heating system windows to release hot air timer to water on time
how is minerals absorbed by plants
active transport
what minerals are absorbed/ needed by plants and what are they used for
nitrate- to make amino acid for protein
magnesium - make chlorophyll
phosphate- involves in making DNA and respiration
describe what will happen to the plant where there is a lack of
a. nitrate
b. magnesium
c. phosphate
nitrate- stunted growth, pale leaves at top yellow at lower stem
magnesium- yellow leaves
phosphate- poor root growth and purple leaves
