respiration Flashcards
what does the hydrogen carbonate ion in plasma do
breakdown to give co2 and h2o
describe the process in alveolus
oxygen diffuses from alveolus to blood
oxygen binds with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
co2 and water diffuse into alveolus
how does gas move across alveolus
simple diffusion
what is our respiratory surface
alveoli
what are the characteristics of respiratory surface
large surface area so more alveoli is exposed to air
good blood supply of oxygen bc many capillaries surrounding it
one cell think so shorter distance for diffusion
difference in concentration gas made by continues delivery of co2
what is the characteristics and function of windpipe/trachea
c shape cartilage
prevents air passage from collapsing when air pressure decrease
keeps airway open
what is the use of epiglottis
prevents foods/ water from entering air passage
what is the function of ribcage
protect lung and hear
move to ventilate lungs
what does the diaphragm do
it contracts to flatten and change volume of thoracic cavity
what does the intercostal muscle do
move ribcage during ventilation
what does the pleura membrane do
produce pleura fluid that reduces friction between lungs and thorax
which organ produces sound
larynx
what is ventilation
movement of air in and out of lungs
involves both inhalation and exhalation
what does ventilation ensure
diffusion gradient is steep to promote diffusion of gas
oxygen available for gas exchange and co2 can be exchange
describe what happens when we inhale
external intercostal muscle contract while internal relax
the ribcage move upwards and outwards
diaphragm contracts and flattens
volume in thorax increase and pressure decrease
describes what happens when we exhale
external relax while internal intercoastal muscle contract
ribcage move inwards and downwards
diaphragm contracts and curve up
volume in thorax decrease while pressure in thorax increase
describe the composition in inhaled and exhaled air
oxygen- 21 –> 16
nitrogen 78 - >78
co2 0.004 –>4
other gases - 1 –> 1
water vapor variable to concentrated
why does the concentration of water vapour becomes more concentrated when we exhale
water evaporate from moist lining of alveoli as a result of warmth of body
why does some gas remain the same when we breath in and out
bc it is not used or produces
how does exercise and the effect of ph effect breathing
when we exercise. muscle contract more and more respiration
so more co2 and it dissolves into plasma to produce weak carbonic acid
change in ph is detected by brain and sends signals for diaphragm and intercostal muscles to work harder
so increase in rate and depth of breathing
more o2 and co2 exchange –> ph back to normal
how do we measure rate of breathing
count number of breath per min
measure volume of breathe using spirometer
what is energy used for
protein synthesis, maintain body temp, active transport, cell dicision , movement
aerobic respiration is also known as
cellular respiration
where dies aerobic respiration happen
mitochondria
word equation of aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water+ energy
where does anaerobic respiration occur
cytoplasm
which type of respiration produces more energy and why
aerobic. bc glucose is not completely oxidised in anaerobic respiration
