respiration

Question 1

what does the hydrogen carbonate ion in plasma do

Answer 1

breakdown to give co2 and h2o

Question 2

describe the process in alveolus

Answer 2

oxygen diffuses from alveolus to blood
oxygen binds with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
co2 and water diffuse into alveolus

Question 3

how does gas move across alveolus

Answer 3

simple diffusion

Question 4

what is our respiratory surface

Answer 4

alveoli

Question 5

what are the characteristics of respiratory surface

Answer 5

large surface area so more alveoli is exposed to air
good blood supply of oxygen bc many capillaries surrounding it
one cell think so shorter distance for diffusion
difference in concentration gas made by continues delivery of co2

Question 6

what is the characteristics and function of windpipe/trachea

Answer 6

c shape cartilage
prevents air passage from collapsing when air pressure decrease
keeps airway open

Question 7

what is the use of epiglottis

Answer 7

prevents foods/ water from entering air passage

Question 8

what is the function of ribcage

Answer 8

protect lung and hear
move to ventilate lungs

Question 9

what does the diaphragm do

Answer 9

it contracts to flatten and change volume of thoracic cavity

Question 10

what does the intercostal muscle do

Answer 10

move ribcage during ventilation

Question 11

what does the pleura membrane do

Answer 11

produce pleura fluid that reduces friction between lungs and thorax

Question 12

which organ produces sound

Answer 12

larynx

Question 13

what is ventilation

Answer 13

movement of air in and out of lungs
involves both inhalation and exhalation

Question 14

what does ventilation ensure

Answer 14

diffusion gradient is steep to promote diffusion of gas
oxygen available for gas exchange and co2 can be exchange

Question 15

describe what happens when we inhale

Answer 15

external intercostal muscle contract while internal relax
the ribcage move upwards and outwards
diaphragm contracts and flattens
volume in thorax increase and pressure decrease

Question 16

describes what happens when we exhale

Answer 16

external relax while internal intercoastal muscle contract
ribcage move inwards and downwards
diaphragm contracts and curve up
volume in thorax decrease while pressure in thorax increase

Question 17

describe the composition in inhaled and exhaled air

Answer 17

oxygen- 21 –> 16
nitrogen 78 - >78
co2 0.004 –>4
other gases - 1 –> 1
water vapor variable to concentrated

Question 18

why does the concentration of water vapour becomes more concentrated when we exhale

Answer 18

water evaporate from moist lining of alveoli as a result of warmth of body

Question 19

why does some gas remain the same when we breath in and out

Answer 19

bc it is not used or produces

Question 20

how does exercise and the effect of ph effect breathing

Answer 20

when we exercise. muscle contract more and more respiration
so more co2 and it dissolves into plasma to produce weak carbonic acid
change in ph is detected by brain and sends signals for diaphragm and intercostal muscles to work harder
so increase in rate and depth of breathing
more o2 and co2 exchange –> ph back to normal

Question 21

how do we measure rate of breathing

Answer 21

count number of breath per min
measure volume of breathe using spirometer

Question 22

what is energy used for

Answer 22

protein synthesis, maintain body temp, active transport, cell dicision , movement

Question 23

aerobic respiration is also known as

Answer 23

cellular respiration

Question 24

where dies aerobic respiration happen

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

word equation of aerobic respiration

Answer 25

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water+ energy

Question 26

where does anaerobic respiration occur

Answer 26

cytoplasm

Question 27

which type of respiration produces more energy and why

Answer 27

aerobic. bc glucose is not completely oxidised in anaerobic respiration