movement of cells Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the characteristics of plasma membrane

A

semi-permeable

dynamic layer, transport protein , phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

what is a phospholipid bilayer

A

selective over hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances

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3
Q

what substance can move through the plasma layer

A

non polar molecules like fatty acid, vitamin ADEK and oxygen

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4
Q

what are the 2 ways substances can move in and out of membrane

A

active transport: against concentration with energy and protein
passive transport: movement down concentration w/o energy

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5
Q

what are the 2 passive transport

A

diffusion and osmosis

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6
Q

what is the meaning of diffusion

A

net movement of substances from region of higher concentration to lower concentration as a result of their random movement

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7
Q

what are the 4 things to mention while explaining diffusion

A

net movement, result of random movement, down concentration gradient and no energy involved

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8
Q

name 3 ways in which diffusion can help living organisms

A

obtain requirements
get rid of waste products
gas exchange for respiration

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9
Q

examples of diffusion in living things

A

co2 diffuse frm air to leaves - lower concentration of co2 in leaves
products of digestion are absorbed from ileum of mammals
water vapour through stomata

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10
Q

what are the 6 factors that affect rate of diffusion

A

temperature, surface area, distanced moved, concentration gradient, size of particles and pressure

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11
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water molecules from an area of higher water potentials to low water potential through a semi-permeable membrane

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12
Q

what is water potential

A

tendency of water molecules to leave the solution

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13
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

pressure needed to prevent water from moving into of the solution

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14
Q

how to explain osmosis

A

state water potential
direction of movement
results of water movements
mention osmosis

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15
Q

what happens to an animal cell when in higher water potential

A

cell will swell and burst

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16
Q

what happens to an animal cell in lower water potential

A

the water will leave the cell causing the cell to shrivel and become crenated

17
Q

what is the meaning of lysis

A

happens when animal cell receives waters, swell and burst

18
Q

what do we say when a RBC lysis

A

haemolysed

19
Q

what does crenated mean

A

happens when animal cell lose water, shrivel up

20
Q

what happens to a plant cell is higher water potential

A

cell swell up, cytoplasm pushes against cell wall due to water pressure in vacuole ,cell becomes turgid - wont burst because of cell wall

21
Q

what happens to a plant cell when it is in low water potential

A

cell is plasmolysis as cytoplasm detaches frm cell wall . become flaccid and plant wilts

22
Q

what is turgid

A

condition of cell that is firm due to hydrostatic pressure in the vacuole pushing cytoplasm against the wall

23
Q

what is the meaning of flaccid

A

condition of cell that has lost water

24
Q

what is the meaning of plasmolysis

A

process where cell loses water causing the cytoplasm to detach frm the cell wall

25
Q

what is the meaning of deplasmolysed

A

condition of cell returning to turgidity after being plasmolysis

26
Q

what is the importance of osmosis in plants

A

maintains turgor pressure for support

uptake water frm roots to leaves

27
Q

what is the importance of osmosis in an animal cell

A

movement of water from one cell to another
absorption of water at large intestine
reabsorption of water at kidney tubes

28
Q

how does osmosis maintain turgor pressure in plant cells

A

when cell lose water, wp in plant is lower compared to adjacent cell. water will move frm hwp and will fill up and vacuoles and push the cytoplasm towards cell wall. water pressure maintain shape making cell turgid

29
Q

how does osmosis move water into animal cell

A

wp gradient exist between cell, water molecules will move frm higher wp to lower potential through cell membrane

30
Q

what is active transport

A

movement of particles through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy frm respiration with help of protein molecules

31
Q

name 3 ways in which active transport helps move substance across membrane

A

uptake of mineral by root hair cell

uptake of glucose by epithelial cells of villi and uptake of glucose by kidney tubes

32
Q

how does active transport uptake mineral by root hair

A

concentration of mineral in root hair is higher than soil
diffusion sometimes cant bring mineral frm soil into roots
rhc actively transport mineral salt frm soil into cell

33
Q

how does active transport uptake glucose by epithelia cells of villi

A

glucose needs to be absorbed through the cell lining in intestine and into blood
alot of glucose wld pass out body in faeces if diffusion happen
glucose is absorbed in the intestine to a higher concentration in the cell lining the intestine

34
Q

how does uptake of glucose by kidney tubes involve active transport

A

to avoid losing substances that are to be filtered in the kidney in the urine, they are reabsorbed into the bloodstream.