Transport in Animals

Question 1

Oxygenated blood

Answer 1

Oxygenated blood can be simply defined as a blood cell with large percentage of oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. It appears bright red in colour and travels away from the heart to different parts of the body.

Question 2

Deoxygenated

Answer 2

This oxygenated blood is then sent around the body. Some of the oxygen in it is taken up by the blood cells, which need oxygen for respirations, when this happens the blood becomes deoxygenated

Question 3

Double Circulatory system

Answer 3

It is called a double circulatory system because blood passes through the heart twice per circuit.

Question 4

Pulmonary system

Answer 4

The pulmonary system consists of upper and lower pulmonary structures, bronchial/systemic circulation, and gas exchange at the level of the lungs and tissue cells. The primary purpose of these structures is to move oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the alveoli where gas exchange takes place.

Question 5

Advantages of double circulatory system over single circulatory system

Answer 5

It helps in maintaining higher blood pressure.
It allows a greater flow of blood to the tissues.
It helps in creating more pressure to pump blood around the whole body tissues and organs.

Question 6

Cardiac muscel

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle cells are found only in the heart, and are specialized to pump blood powerfully and efficiently throughout our entire lifetime.

Question 7

Coronary arteries

Answer 7

The coronary arteries are the arterial blood vessels of coronary circulation, which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Question 8

Causes of coronary heart disease

Answer 8

Smoking, Diet, Obesity, Stress and Genes

Question 9

Systole

Answer 9

When the cardiac muscles in the hearts walls contract and becomes smaller

Question 10

Diastole

Answer 10

When the cardiac muscles in the heart walls relax and becomes larger.

Question 11

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 11

Valve between left atrium and the left ventricle and right atrium and right ventricle

Question 12

Tricuspid valve

Answer 12

The three part on the right hand side.

Question 13

Bicuspid valve

Answer 13

The 2 parts on the left hand side of the heart.

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.

Question 15

Capillaries

Answer 15

Capillaries are tiny blood-containing structures that connect arterioles to venules. They are the smallest and most abundant form of a blood vessel in the body.

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary vein

Question 17

Plasma

Answer 17

The water part of blood, which is the home to cells, mostly red blood cells and special cells called platelets

Question 18

Function of Red blood cells

Answer 18

The function of the red cell and its hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs or gills to all the body tissues and to carry carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, to the lungs, where it is excreted.

Question 19

Function of White Blood cells

Answer 19

They flow through your bloodstream to fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health.

Question 20

Phagocytes

Answer 20

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

When an injury causes a blood vessel wall to break, platelets are activated. They change shape from round to spiny, stick to the broken vessel wall and each other, and begin to plug the break.

Question 22

Transport of oxygen in blood

Answer 22

oxygen is taken into the lungs and from the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood. As soon as it enters the blood it enters the RBC where it binds to the haemoglobin. 3% of oxygen is dissolved in the blood where is 97% of transported oxygen is bound to hemoglobin. This oxygen then diffuses in the tissues.

Question 23

Transport of CO2 in blood

Answer 23

CO2 diffuses through capillary walls into the blood and carried by blood plasma in form of hydrogencrabonate ions, (HCO3-), a small amount is carried by hemoglobin, then returned to the lungs through the heart and pulmonary veins

Question 24

Transport of urea in blood

Answer 24

It dissolves in blood plasma and is carried to the kidney from the liver.

Question 25

Transport of hormone sin the blood

Answer 25

Hormones which is made in endocrine glands. They are also dissolved in the blood plasma

Question 26

Transport of plasma proteins

Answer 26

Proteins dissolve in plasma (Fibrinogen)

Question 27

Lymph

Answer 27

Lymph is formed from fluid that seeps through the thin walls of capillaries into the body’s tissues. This fluid contains oxygen, proteins, and other nutrients.

Question 28

Lymph nodes

Answer 28

Lymph nodes are small glands that filter lymph

Question 29

Pulmonary vein

Answer 29

The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 30

Treatment for CHD

Answer 30

Once a person has developed CHD, the doctors would prescribe drugs such as statins to help lower blood pressure or decrease risks of blood clots forming inside blood vessels, such as aspirin.

If these fail, the person would have to go through coronary bypass operation, which is replacing the damaged coronary artery with a blood vessel from somewhere else in the body.

A mesh tube called stent is inserted to the artery to keep it open.

A tiny balloon, which can be inflated by water is inserted into the artery, which pushes it open. Then the balloon is removed. (angioplasty).

Question 31

Pacemaker

Answer 31

device that sends small electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate or to stimulate the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles).