Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Diet

Answer 1

Diet is the source where animals get the nutrition to function, a diet with equal amounts of nutrients is called a balanced diet

Question 2

Seven types of nutrients

Answer 2

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• VItamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fibre

Question 3

Nutrients

Answer 3

Your diet needs to have a balanced amount of substance such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, theses substances are known as nutrients

Question 4

Vitamins

Answer 4

Organic substances that are only needed in tiny amounts, They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy and repair cellular damage.

Question 5

Minerals

Answer 5

Minerals are inorganic substances, needed only in small amounts.

Question 6

Fibre

Answer 6

Fibre helps to keep the alimentary canal working properly and prevent constipation.

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

Contraction and relaxation of muscles squeeze the food along

Question 8

Saturated fat

Answer 8

The fat found in animals, which contains cholesterol, and people who eat a lot of cholesterol are more likely to get increase risk of heart diseases

Question 9

Coronary heart diseases

Answer 9

The fat deposits build up on the inside of the arteries, making them stiffer and narrower, when this happens the coronary arteries will not be able to provide enough blood to the heart muscles, then the heart muscle will run short on oxygen and won’t work properly.

Question 10

Obesity

Answer 10

When people take more energy than required the remaining energy is converted to fat and stored in the body making the person fat, Obese people are more likely to get heart disease, strokes and diabetes

Question 11

Starvation

Answer 11

Starvation is when a person lacks food of any form or any nutrient

Question 12

Malnutrition

Answer 12

Malnutrition is a disease caused by having too much of a nutrient in your diet.

Question 13

Digestion

Answer 13

Digestion is how your body turns the food you eat into nutrients it uses for energy, growth, and cell repair

Question 14

Breaking down of Nutrients

Answer 14

Starch → (amylase) → Simple sugers
Proteins → (protease) → Amino acids
Fat → (lipase) → Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

Mechanical digestion

Answer 15

Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion.

Question 16

Chemical digestion

Answer 16

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules.

Question 17

Ingestion

Answer 17

Taking in of food through the mouth

Question 18

Dental decay

Answer 18

When bacterias grow and cause pain in the teeth, these are caused by plaque, which at first can be removed by brushing, but once it hardens it cannot.

Question 19

Gum disease

Answer 19

If plaque is not removed the bacteria in it grows, this makes the gum swallow and it may bleed when brushing your teeth, and eventually the teeth will need to be removed.

Question 20

Tooth Decay

Answer 20

When sugar is stuck in the teeth, the bacteria in it uses the food stuck on the teeth to grow and works its way down the dentine through the enamel around the roots of the tooth by changing into acid.

Question 21

Alimentary canal

Answer 21

The long tube which runs from the mouth to the anus it is part of the digestive system.

Question 22

Sphincter

Answer 22

Special muscles that can close the tube completely in certain places.

Question 23

The mouth

Answer 23

Food is ingested through the teeth, the tough mixes the saliva with food and forms bolus which is swallowed, Amylase start to digest starch in the food to the sugar maltose.

Question 24

The oesophagus

Answer 24

There are two tubes leading down from the back of the mouth, the one in the front is the trachea or windpipe, which takes air down to the lungs, the other pipe is the food pipe which takes the food we eat down to the stomach, a cartilage called the epiglottis covers the entrance to the treachea to stop the food going to the lungs.

Question 25

The stomach

Answer 25

The stomach has muscular walls with a mixture called chyme, it contains goblet cells that secrete mucus and other cells that produce hydrochloric acid

Question 26

Small intestine

Answer 26

Its a 5m long part of the elementary canal, The small intestine carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream. The walls of the small intestine make digestive juices, or enzymes, that work together with enzymes from the liver and pancreas to do this.

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

A cream-colored gland, a tube called the pancreatic duct leads from the pancreas into the duodenum and pancreatic juice flows through it.

Question 28

Pancreatic juice

Answer 28

A mixture that consists of protese and lipase

Question 29

Bile

Answer 29

Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.

Question 30

Villi

Answer 30

The villi of the small intestine project into the intestinal cavity, greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

Question 31

The large intestine

Answer 31

The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products leftover and gone out as faeces this is called egestion

Question 32

hepatic portal vein

Answer 32

a vein conveying blood to the liver from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestines.

Question 33

Emulsification

Answer 33

The process where large molecules of fats are broken down into tiny drops of fat making it easier for lipases in the pancreatic juice to digest them.

Question 34

Duodenum

Answer 34

The Duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine. It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process.

Question 35

ileum

Answer 35

The ileum is the final portion of the small intestine, measuring around 3 meters, and ends at the cecum. It absorbs any final nutrients, with major absorptive products being vitamin B12 and bile acids.

Question 36

Absorption

Answer 36

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.

Question 37

Assimilation

Answer 37

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell.

Question 38

Pepsin

Answer 38

Main protease enzyme in the stomach, it digests proteins by breaking them into polypeptides. Pepsin works best in acid conditions