Inhertience Flashcards
Chromosomes
A thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a protein
Inheritence
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
haploid nucleus
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes
diploid nucleus
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
mitosis
nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells.
homologous chromosome
Carry the same genes in the same positions. Are the same shape.
meiosis
nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different.
meiosis (2)
reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically different cells.
Differentiation
as the embryo develops, the cells begin taking on different roles
embryonic stem cells
An embryo develops from a fertilised egg. Cells at the early stages in the development of the embryo are stem cells.
homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene. Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding.
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene.
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (eg. Tt or GG)
phenotype
the features of an organism.
