Classification Flashcards
What are the features of living organisms?
Growth, Movement, Sensitivity, Excretion, Reproduction, Nutrition and Respiration
Growth
A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.
Movement
An action by an organism or part of an organism that results in a change of position or place.
Respiration
The chemical reactions in cells,c that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
Metabolism
Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy.
Sensitivity
The ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses.
Excretion
Removal of waste products, toxic materials, and substances in excess of requirements of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration).
Nutrition
Taking of materials for energy, growth, and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water, and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water.
What are all cells made up of?
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- DNA
- Ribosomes
- Enzymes
- Mitochondria
- Permanent vacuole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
DNA
Makes up genetic material
Ribosmes
mRNA molecules pass that passes through ribosomes are made into proteins, by joining amino acids together
Enzymes
Biological catalysts which help the body break down and make molecules, to help anaerobic respiration
6 Kingdoms
- Plants
- Animals
- Protists
- Fungi
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
Animals (Characteristics)
They are multicellular and each cell have a nucleus and cell membrane, but no cell wall or chloroplasts. They feed on organic substance made by other organisms
Plants (Characteristics)
They are multicellular organisms and their cells are made up of a nucleus, cell wall, which are made of cellulose and contain chloroplasts. They feed through photosynthesis.
Fungi (Characteristics)
Fungi are usually multicellular and contain a nuclei. They have cell walls which are not made of cellulose or chlorophyll. They feed on parasitic nutrition.
Protoctists (Characteristics)
They can be multicellular or unicellular. Their cells contain a nucleus. Cells walls and chloroplasts may be present, some feed by photosynthesis and other feed on organic food.
Prokaryotes
Often unicellular and contain no nucleus and mitochondria. The cells have cell walls, not made of cellulose.
Viruses
Viruses are non living cells, they take over the host cells machinery and creates copies of themselves, which then invades other cells. The host cell is usually killed. Viruses are unable to move, feed, excrete, grow or reproduce on their own.
Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
Binominal system
An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.
Phylum vertebrates
They have a supporting rod running along their back (back bone).
Class fish
Fishes are vertebrates with scaly skin. They have gills and fins.
Class Amphibians
They have a moist and scale less skin, they lay their eggs in water but often live on land. Their gills develop into lungs as they age.
Class Repltiles
They have scaly skins unlike amphibians, and they lay eggs with a rubber shell
Class Birds
Birds are vertebrates with feathers and a beak, their heart has four chambers and are able to fly using their wings which were developed by forelimbs. Birds are endothermic.
Class mammels
Mammals are vertebrates with hair, diaphragm, teeth (incisors, canines, pre molars and molars) and a 4 chambered heart. They have a placenta and their young feed on milk from mammary glands.
Phylum Arthropods
They have joint legs but no backbone. they also have an exoskeloton
Insects
Insects are arthropods with 3 pairs of joint legs along with two pairs of wings. They breathe through their trachea and their body is divided in head, thorax and abdomen
Crustaceans
Crustaceans are arthropods with more than 4 pairs of legs with no millipedes or centipedes. They breathe through gills
Arachnids
Arachnids are arthropods with four pairs of legs and breathe through gills called book lungs.
Myriapods
These are centipedes and millipedes so their body consists of many segment with each one having a pair of legs
Ferns
Plants with roots, stems and leaves, which are called fronds. They don not produce flowers and reproduce by spores
Flowering Plants
Plants with roots, stems and leaves. These reproduce sexually, the seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower.
Monocotyledons
Plants with the seed having only one cotyledon are called as monocotyledons.
Dicotyledons
Plants with the seed having two cotyledons are called as dicotyledons.
