Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Transport And Exchange > Flashcards

Transport And Exchange Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do organisms need for metabolism? (3)

A
  • dissolved food molecules
  • water
  • minerals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the metabolism produce and what are examples?

A

Waste products such as:

Carbon dioxide
Water
Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do the waste products need to be excreted?

A

They’re toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do waste products get out?

A

Diffusion across exchange surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are features of a good exchange surface? (2)

A

Thin for a short diffusion distance

Large surface area for more diffusion per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Exchange surfaces for gas exchange in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do alveoli do?

A

Let oxygen diffuse from the air in the lungs into the blood, and carbon dioxide the opposite way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does ‘surface area to volume ratio’ mean?

A

How big a surface area is compared to its volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you work out the SA:VOL?

A

Surface area/volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of sa:vol ratio do small organisms have?

A

They have a large sa:vol ratio so they can exchange materials across their surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of sa:vol does a large organism have and why?

A

They have a small sa:vol ratio because diffusion across their surface would be too slow so they need exchange surfaces eg. Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe red blood cells (3)

A
  • transport oxygen, haemoglobin binds to oxygen to make oxyhaemoglobin
  • biconcave disc shape for a large sa:vol ratio
  • no nucleus to contain more haemoglobin for oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 types of white blood cells and what do they do?

A

Phagocytes - engulf and digest pathogens

Lymphocytes - make antibodies which kill pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are platelets?

A

Fragments of cells, make chemicals which help blood clot when cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is plasma and what does it do?

A
  • straw coloured liquid part of the blood

- carries RBCS, WBCS, platelets, dissolved sugars, hormones, urea and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

A

The right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the vena cava?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood back from the body into the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen

20
Q

What is the role of the valves?

A

Open and close to prevent blood backflow

21
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

22
Q

What is the role of the aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood around the body

23
Q

What is the role of the septum?

A

Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

24
Q

What is the role of the thicket left ventricle wall?

A

Pumps blood at a high pressure around the whole body

25
Q

What is the role of the thinner right ventricle wall?

A

Only pumps blood to lungs at a low pressure

26
Q

Put vein artery capillary in order of biggest to smallest

A

Artery

Vein

Capillary

27
Q

What is the role of an artery?

A

Carries blood away from the heart

28
Q

Describe the structure of an artery

A

Thick muscle layer

Small lumen

29
Q

What happens to an artery when the heart beats?

A

It stretches

30
Q

What kind of pressure does an artery pump blood at?

A

High pressure

31
Q

Describe the structure of a vein

A

Thin muscle layer

Large lumen

32
Q

What is the role of a vein?

A

Carry blood to the heart

33
Q

What kind of pressure does a vein pump blood at?

A

A low pressure

34
Q

What do veins have that prevent backflow of blood?

A

Valves

35
Q

If the muscles surrounding the vein are relaxed, what does this mean for the valves?

A

They are closed

36
Q

If the muscles around the vein are contracted, what does this mean for the valves?

A

They are open

37
Q

Describe the structure of a capillary

A

Thin muscle layer (only one cell thick)

Large lumen

38
Q

What is the role of the capillary?

A

Exchange of materials within the tissues

39
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood pumped into the aorta each minute

40
Q

What is the cardiac output equation?

A

Cardiac output=stroke volume X heart rate

41
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen—>carbon dioxide + water

42
Q

How is oxygen delivered to respiring cells?

A

Alveoli

43
Q

How is glucose delivered to respiring cells?

A

Small intestine

44
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose—>lactic acid

45
Q

Why is lactic acid not good for your body?

A

It’s toxic, causing muscles to cramp

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions