Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Natural Selection > Flashcards

Natural Selection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 steps of natural selection?

A
  1. Variation caused by mutation
  2. Competition/camouflage
  3. Best adapted
  4. Survive
  5. Breed
  6. Pass on alleles
  7. Natural selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do tools help to date fossils?

A

They got more sophisticated over time so the deeper in the rock, the older they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 classification kingdoms?

A 
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Prokaryotes
Protoctists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What give an organism its binomial name?

A

‘Genus’ and ‘species’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is eukarya?

A

Nucleus with some unused dna present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is bacteria?

A

No nucleus with all dna used for something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is archaea?

A

No nucleus with some unused dna present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is evolution?

A

A gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which fossil was found 1.6 million years old?

A

Homo erectus/Richard Leakey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which fossil was found 3.2 million years old?

A

A. Afarensis/Lucy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which fossil was found 4.4 million years old?

A

A. Ramidius/ardi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

The process of choosing desirable characteristics from an organism and breeding them with another organism with the same characteristics to produce offspring with the desired traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A farmer wants large cows. Explain how he would do this

A
  1. Choose 2 biggest cows from existing stock
  2. Breed together
  3. Pick largest offspring from different parents and breed them
  4. Repeat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why selectively breed animals?

A

Higher yield of milk/meat/wool

Better quality of milk/meat/wool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why selectively breed plants?

A

Disease resistance
Increased yield
Fast growth

17
Q

What are the risks of selective breeding?

A

Gene pool reduces
Similar dna so if one is susceptible to disease then they all are
Sometimes cause characteristics which harm animals

18
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Modifying the genome of an organism to produce desirable characteristics

19
Q

What does modifying the genome mean?

A

Changing the dna/taking it from one organism and putting it into another

20
Q

What are the steps of genetic engineering?

A
  1. Identify the target gene in the chromosome
  2. Cut out target gene using restriction enzymes
  3. When gene is cut out, sticky ends are left
  4. Take plasmid out of bacteria (vector)
  5. Cut open plasmid and stick target gene in
  6. Use ligase to secure the plasmid
  7. Place plasmid back into bacteria
21
Q

How is genetic engineering useful in medicine?

A

You can produce bacteria which makes insulin

22
Q

How do you make herbicide resistant plants?

A
  1. Identify herbicide resistant gene
  2. Cut out using restriction enzymes, leaving sticky ends
  3. Use ligase to stick gene and plant dna together
  4. Plant is herbicide resistant
23
Q

What are the advantages of herbicide resistant plants?

A

Farmer can spray 1 large dose of herbicide which will kill the weeds but not the plants

Gives higher crop yield

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of herbicide resistant plants?

A

Crops and weeds could cross breed and weeds would become resistant

Loss of biodiversity

Unknown if eating gm food could harm people

25
Q

How do you make insecticide producing plants?

A
  1. Identify insecticide producing gene
  2. Cut out using restriction enzymes which leaves sticky ends
  3. Use ligase to stick gene and plant dna together
  4. Plant produces insecticide
26
Q

What are the advantages of insecticide producing plants?

A

Farmer doesn’t need to spray insecticide - saves money

Plants won’t be eaten by insects - higher crop yield

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of insecticide producing plants?

A

Crops and weeds could cross breed and weeds would kill insects

Loss of biodiversity

Unknown if gm food could harm people

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions