Health And Disease Flashcards
What is the world health organisation’s definition of health?
Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity
What is a communicable disease?
Can be passed on through physical contact
What is a non communicable disease?
Cannot be passed on physically but only genetically
What do diseases do to your immune system?
They make it weaker, making you more susceptible to other diseases
Explain cholera
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Bacteria
Diarrhoea
Drinking infected water
Explain tuberculosis
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Bacteria
Lung damage
Airborne - inhaling infected sneezes/coughs
Explain stomach ulcers
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Helicobacteria
Stomach pains
Oral - touching peoples food then touching own infected mouth
Explain malaria
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Protoctist
Damaged liver
Mosquitoes (vector)
Explain chalara ash dieback
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Fungi
Bark damage in ash trees
Airborne - spores in air
Explain Ebola
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Virus
Internal bleeding
Bodily fluids from infected person
Explain hiv
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Virus
Destroys white blood cells
STI
Explain chlamydia
What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?
Bacteria
Infertility
STI
What is a pathogen?
Organisms which can cause communicable diseases
Explain the immune response (4)
- Pathogens invade the body (antigens on surface)
- Antigens tell body that the pathogen is foreign
- Wbc called lymphocytes release lots of complementary antibodies
- Antibodies bind to antigens and destroy the pathogen
Explain memory lymphocytes (4)
- After infection, memory lymphocytes for that pathogen stay in the blood forever
- If same pathogens infect you again, memory lymphocytes cause a secondary response
- They make and release antibodies very quickly, killing the pathogen quickly
- Makes you immune to the pathogen
Explain the physical barriers of the body (3)
Skin - blocks pathogens getting into blood
Mucus - traps pathogens in airways
Cilia - move mucus from lungs to throat
Explain the chemical barriers of the body (2)
Hydrochloric acid - produced by stomach, kills pathogens on food
Lysozyme - enzymes found in saliva and tears - breaks down cell walls of bacteria to kill them
What does ‘non communicable diseases are multifactorial’ mean?
They have lots of causes
What are the causes of cardiovascular disease? (3)
Diet
BMI
Smoking
What are the causes of cancer?(3)
Smoking
Radiation
Diet
What are the causes of lung and liver diseases?(3)
Alcohol
Smoking
Genetics
What are the causes of nutrition diseases? (2)
Diet
Malnutrition
How is alcohol broken down in the body?
By the liver
What can drinking too much over many years cause?
Liver disease and cirrhosis
Leads to death
What is malnutrition?
When you get too much or too little of particular nutrients in your diet
What is obesity caused by? (2)
Lack of regular exercise
Diet high in sugars and fats
What can too much fat lead to?
Cardiovascular diseases
What are cardiovascular diseases the result of?
The circulatory system functioning poorly
What is the equation for BMI?
weight in kg/height in m^2
What is the BMI that means you are obese?
30+
How do you calculate the waist:hip ratio?
Waist/hip
Describe what happens in cardiovascular diseases
Tobacco damages vessel walls
Fat builds up in the damaged walls making them narrower
Causing blood clots
What are the advantages and disadvantages of lifestyle changes (regular exercise and diet) to treat cardiovascular diseases?
Adv:
- free
- lacks danger
Disadv:
-hard to maintain
What are the advantages and disadvantages of life long medication to treat cardiovascular disease?
Adv:
- no surgery
- no need for physical change
Disadv:
- expensive
- side effects
What are the advantages and disadvantages of surgery to treat cardiovascular disease?
Adv:
- quick and effective
Disadv:
- very dangerous especially if overweight
