Health And Disease

Question 1

What is the world health organisation’s definition of health?

Answer 1

Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

Can be passed on through physical contact

Question 3

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 3

Cannot be passed on physically but only genetically

Question 4

What do diseases do to your immune system?

Answer 4

They make it weaker, making you more susceptible to other diseases

Question 5

Explain cholera

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 5

Bacteria

Diarrhoea

Drinking infected water

Question 6

Explain tuberculosis

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 6

Bacteria

Lung damage

Airborne - inhaling infected sneezes/coughs

Question 7

Explain stomach ulcers

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 7

Helicobacteria

Stomach pains

Oral - touching peoples food then touching own infected mouth

Question 8

Explain malaria

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 8

Protoctist

Damaged liver

Mosquitoes (vector)

Question 9

Explain chalara ash dieback

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 9

Fungi

Bark damage in ash trees

Airborne - spores in air

Question 10

Explain Ebola

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 10

Virus

Internal bleeding

Bodily fluids from infected person

Question 11

Explain hiv

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 11

Virus

Destroys white blood cells

STI

Question 12

Explain chlamydia

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

Answer 12

Bacteria

Infertility

STI

Question 13

What is a pathogen?

Answer 13

Organisms which can cause communicable diseases

Question 14

Explain the immune response (4)

Answer 14

1. Pathogens invade the body (antigens on surface)
2. Antigens tell body that the pathogen is foreign
3. Wbc called lymphocytes release lots of complementary antibodies
4. Antibodies bind to antigens and destroy the pathogen

Question 15

Explain memory lymphocytes (4)

Answer 15

1. After infection, memory lymphocytes for that pathogen stay in the blood forever
2. If same pathogens infect you again, memory lymphocytes cause a secondary response
3. They make and release antibodies very quickly, killing the pathogen quickly
4. Makes you immune to the pathogen

Question 16

Explain the physical barriers of the body (3)

Answer 16

Skin - blocks pathogens getting into blood

Mucus - traps pathogens in airways

Cilia - move mucus from lungs to throat

Question 17

Explain the chemical barriers of the body (2)

Answer 17

Hydrochloric acid - produced by stomach, kills pathogens on food

Lysozyme - enzymes found in saliva and tears - breaks down cell walls of bacteria to kill them

Question 18

What does ‘non communicable diseases are multifactorial’ mean?

Answer 18

They have lots of causes

Question 19

What are the causes of cardiovascular disease? (3)

Answer 19

Diet

BMI

Smoking

Question 20

What are the causes of cancer?(3)

Answer 20

Smoking

Radiation

Diet

Question 21

What are the causes of lung and liver diseases?(3)

Answer 21

Alcohol

Smoking

Genetics

Question 22

What are the causes of nutrition diseases? (2)

Answer 22

Diet

Malnutrition

Question 23

How is alcohol broken down in the body?

Answer 23

By the liver

Question 24

What can drinking too much over many years cause?

Answer 24

Liver disease and cirrhosis

Leads to death

Question 25

What is malnutrition?

Answer 25

When you get too much or too little of particular nutrients in your diet

Question 26

What is obesity caused by? (2)

Answer 26

Lack of regular exercise Diet high in sugars and fats

Question 27

What can too much fat lead to?

Answer 27

Cardiovascular diseases

Question 28

What are cardiovascular diseases the result of?

Answer 28

The circulatory system functioning poorly

Question 29

What is the equation for BMI?

Answer 29

weight in kg/height in m^2

Question 30

What is the BMI that means you are obese?

Answer 30

30+

Question 31

How do you calculate the waist:hip ratio?

Answer 31

Waist/hip

Question 32

Describe what happens in cardiovascular diseases

Answer 32

Tobacco damages vessel walls Fat builds up in the damaged walls making them narrower Causing blood clots

Question 33

What are the advantages and disadvantages of lifestyle changes (regular exercise and diet) to treat cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 33

Adv: - free - lacks danger Disadv: -hard to maintain

Question 34

What are the advantages and disadvantages of life long medication to treat cardiovascular disease?

Answer 34

Adv: - no surgery - no need for physical change Disadv: - expensive - side effects

Question 35

What are the advantages and disadvantages of surgery to treat cardiovascular disease?

Answer 35

Adv: - quick and effective Disadv: - very dangerous especially if overweight