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Health And Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the world health organisation’s definition of health?

A

Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

Can be passed on through physical contact

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3
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

Cannot be passed on physically but only genetically

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4
Q

What do diseases do to your immune system?

A

They make it weaker, making you more susceptible to other diseases

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5
Q

Explain cholera

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Bacteria

Diarrhoea

Drinking infected water

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6
Q

Explain tuberculosis

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Bacteria

Lung damage

Airborne - inhaling infected sneezes/coughs

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7
Q

Explain stomach ulcers

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Helicobacteria

Stomach pains

Oral - touching peoples food then touching own infected mouth

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8
Q

Explain malaria

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Protoctist

Damaged liver

Mosquitoes (vector)

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9
Q

Explain chalara ash dieback

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Fungi

Bark damage in ash trees

Airborne - spores in air

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10
Q

Explain Ebola

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Virus

Internal bleeding

Bodily fluids from infected person

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11
Q

Explain hiv

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Virus

Destroys white blood cells

STI

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12
Q

Explain chlamydia

What pathogen is it?
What are the symptoms?
How do you get it?

A

Bacteria

Infertility

STI

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13
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Organisms which can cause communicable diseases

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14
Q

Explain the immune response (4)

A
  1. Pathogens invade the body (antigens on surface)
  2. Antigens tell body that the pathogen is foreign
  3. Wbc called lymphocytes release lots of complementary antibodies
  4. Antibodies bind to antigens and destroy the pathogen
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15
Q

Explain memory lymphocytes (4)

A
  1. After infection, memory lymphocytes for that pathogen stay in the blood forever
  2. If same pathogens infect you again, memory lymphocytes cause a secondary response
  3. They make and release antibodies very quickly, killing the pathogen quickly
  4. Makes you immune to the pathogen
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16
Q

Explain the physical barriers of the body (3)

A

Skin - blocks pathogens getting into blood

Mucus - traps pathogens in airways

Cilia - move mucus from lungs to throat

17
Q

Explain the chemical barriers of the body (2)

A

Hydrochloric acid - produced by stomach, kills pathogens on food

Lysozyme - enzymes found in saliva and tears - breaks down cell walls of bacteria to kill them

18
Q

What does ‘non communicable diseases are multifactorial’ mean?

A

They have lots of causes

19
Q

What are the causes of cardiovascular disease? (3)

A

Diet

BMI

Smoking

20
Q

What are the causes of cancer?(3)

A

Smoking

Radiation

Diet

21
Q

What are the causes of lung and liver diseases?(3)

A

Alcohol

Smoking

Genetics

22
Q

What are the causes of nutrition diseases? (2)

A

Diet

Malnutrition

23
Q

How is alcohol broken down in the body?

A

By the liver

24
Q

What can drinking too much over many years cause?

A

Liver disease and cirrhosis

Leads to death

25
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

When you get too much or too little of particular nutrients in your diet

26
Q

What is obesity caused by? (2)

A

Lack of regular exercise

Diet high in sugars and fats

27
Q

What can too much fat lead to?

A

Cardiovascular diseases

28
Q

What are cardiovascular diseases the result of?

A

The circulatory system functioning poorly

29
Q

What is the equation for BMI?

A

weight in kg/height in m^2

30
Q

What is the BMI that means you are obese?

A

30+

31
Q

How do you calculate the waist:hip ratio?

A

Waist/hip

32
Q

Describe what happens in cardiovascular diseases

A

Tobacco damages vessel walls

Fat builds up in the damaged walls making them narrower

Causing blood clots

33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of lifestyle changes (regular exercise and diet) to treat cardiovascular diseases?

A

Adv:

  • free
  • lacks danger

Disadv:
-hard to maintain

34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of life long medication to treat cardiovascular disease?

A

Adv:

  • no surgery
  • no need for physical change

Disadv:

  • expensive
  • side effects
35
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of surgery to treat cardiovascular disease?

A

Adv:
- quick and effective

Disadv:
- very dangerous especially if overweight

Biology (10 decks)

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