Transmissable Infection Prevention Flashcards
What is the chain of infection?
- causative organism
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
What are the 4 causative organisms?
- virus
- bacteria
- fungus
- parasite
What is a reservoir?
person, animal, food, water, environment
What are the 3 types of portal of exit?
- respiratory tract
- GI tract
- wound drainage
What are the 3 types of mode of transmission?
- contact –> indirect or direct
- droplet
- airborne
What are the 3 types of portal of entry?
- skin
- mucous membranes
- catheters, drains
What is a susceptible host?
person who develops an infection
define pathogenicity
proportion of infected people who develop clinically apparent disease
define virulence
proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal
define viral load
number of viral particles in each mL of blood
define viral shedding
process of viral spread
describe the process of viral shedding
- the virus replicates within a cell
- the infected cell releases the virus
- the virus infects more cells
- the virus is transmitted via contact, droplet, or airborne modes
define health disparity
the difference in health between groups
what is a barrier in health disparity?
stigma
What is another type of barrier in health disparity?
health insurance
Define drug diversion per CDC
an action that occurs when prescription medicines are obtained or used illegally by healthcare providers
What are the responsibilities of health care organizations to prevent drug diversion?
- prevention
- detection
- response
What can health care organizations to prevent drug diversion?
Narcotic security measures
What can health care organizations to detect drug diversion?
active monitoring systems
What can health care organizations to respond to drug diversion?
- patient harm assessment
2. expedited reporting to law agencies and all other enforcement agencies including the state BON.
The Who defines the implementation of safe injection practices as cation that: (3 things)
- Do no harm to the patient
- Prevent the risk of exposure the health care provider
- Reduce exposure to the larger community
What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed contact infection w/transport?
follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to contact precautions
What do you want to do before entering the room of a patient on contact precautions before TRANSPORT?
- Refer to your facility’s policy and procedures
- Notify the receiving department
- Perform hand hygiene
- Don a gown and gloves
What do you do to prepare before TRANSPORT of patient on contact precautions?
- Talk w/pt. and explain your intended purpose
- cover the infected or colonized area of the patent’s body
- Remove your gown and gloves and discard them
- Perform hand hygiene
- Put on clean gloves
- Clean and disinfect bed equipment that will be touched during patient transport
- remove gloves and discard them
- Perform hand hygiene
What 2 things should happen when transporting a contact patient?
- PPE should be worn only if the pt. is restless or into aged and requires direct contact
- An additional team member who is not wearing PPE is needed to touch equipment, door handles, elevator buttons, and other items
What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed droplet infection w/transport?
follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to droplet precautions
What are the guidelines for a single-patient room for droplet precautions?
- the door or curtain to the patient’s room or area is kept closed
- Patients are cohort according to the pathogen after consultation with an infection preventionist
- A distance of 3 to 6 feet is maintained between patients
What should healthcare providers wear when with a patient who is on droplet precautions?
- Wear a surgical mask during patient care
2. Wear an N95 respirator when performing aerosol-generating procedures
What are examples of aerosol-generating procedures?
- Intubation
- bronchoscopy
- Respiratory tract suctioning
What should happen with the patient during patient movement and transport on droplet precautions?
The patient should…
- wear a mask during transport
- be instructed to cough and respiratory etiquette
What should happen with the transport team during patient movement and transport on droplet precations?
does not need to wear a mask
What should happen with equipment used on a patient on droplet precautions?
all equipment must be cleaned
What does enhanced environmental cleaning require to prevent disease transmission for droplet precautions?
requires PPE (gown, gloves, eye protection)
What is important to remember with room cleaning and disinfection for a patient room on droplet precautions?
Room access is restricted until 99.9% of airborne particles have been filtered after an aerosolizing procedure has been performed on a patient with a suspected or confirmed droplet transmissible disease
What should visitors remember when coming to visit their loved ones who are droplet precautions?
Visitors should wash their hands before and after entering the patient’s room. And should wear a surgical mask
What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed airborne case?
follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to airborne precautions
What are the guidelines for a single-patient room for airborne precautions?
AIIR: airborne infection isolation room
What must happen in an AIIR?
- Doors must remain closed
2. Traffic is limited
What should you do if an AIIR isn’t available?
consult an infection preventionist
What PPE should be used when caring for a pt. on airborne precautions?
- N95 or…
2. PAPR –> not approved in the OR
What are postponed if pt. is confirmed to have airborne disease?
surgery and other elective procedures until test results show that the patient is noninfectious
What happens if a procedure cannot be postponed even though the pt. has an airborne disease?
surgery is scheduled with a minimum number of staff members at the end of the day
What is important to remember with movement of a pt. with an airborne disease?
pt. is only moved for medically necessary reasons
Before a pt. on airborne precautions is transported, what are they instructed to do?
cough and respiratory etiquette
If a pt. on airborne precautions is being transported what must they wear?
a mask
If the pt. on airborne precautions is wearing a mask, does the transport team have to wear one?
NO
How is a pt. on airborne precautions transported? what route?
all pt. holding holding areas are bypassed and the pt. is taken directly to surgery
What happens after a procedure for a pt. on airborne precautions?
the patient is taken to an AIIR - if an AIIR is not available, consult with an infection preventionist
What equipment is used for a pt. on airborne precautions?
a single-use bacterial filter is used on the breathing circuit or ET tube
What are 2 parameters for room cleaning and disinfection for a pt. on airborne precautions?
- Room access is restricted until 99% of airborne particles have been filtered
- An N95 or PAPr is worn if the room must be entered before air filtration is complete
What are airborne pt. visitor considerations?
Visitors should wash their hands before and after entering the patient’s room. And should wear a surgical mask
When are visitors exempt from wearing a mask when visiting a pt. on airborne precautions?
if there is documentation of exposure and this is permitted by the facility’s policy and procedures
What are the Do’s of blood borne pathogens
- Don PPE when exposure to blood, body fluids or other potentially infections materials is anticipated
- Wash your hands with soap and water or flush mucous membranes as soon as possible after direct contact with blood, body fluids, or OPIM
- Provide and attend educational sessions at least yearly and when there are procedural changes
What are the Don’ts of blood borne pathogens?
- Take food or beverages into the semi-restricted or restricted areas
- Keep food or beverages on or in any work space or area where blood, body fluids, or OPIM may be present
- Apply lip balm, cosmetics, or contact lenses in the semi-restricted or restricted areas
What are employees screened for preventable diseases such as?
- Hepatits B virus
- TB
- MMR
- Tdap
- varicella
- seasonal flu
What is a health disparity?
Difference in health access between groups
What is facility’s process the a health care provider receives a sharp injury?
- get rid of needle
- change gloves
- look at injury
- stay or scrub out depending on injury
- pt. testing
- Go home and wait 6 months
What is facility’s process the a health care provider receives a sharp injury at night?
ED on off hours
What is the difference between CD4 and cells?
they are the same thing
What is the relationship between the T cell count and viral load?
increase in viral load equals increase in T cell count.
