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AORN Periop class > Transmissable Infection Prevention > Flashcards

Transmissable Infection Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A
  1. causative organism
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. mode of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
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2
Q

What are the 4 causative organisms?

A
  1. virus
  2. bacteria
  3. fungus
  4. parasite
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3
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

person, animal, food, water, environment

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of portal of exit?

A
  1. respiratory tract
  2. GI tract
  3. wound drainage
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of mode of transmission?

A
  1. contact –> indirect or direct
  2. droplet
  3. airborne
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6
Q

What are the 3 types of portal of entry?

A
  1. skin
  2. mucous membranes
  3. catheters, drains
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7
Q

What is a susceptible host?

A

person who develops an infection

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8
Q

define pathogenicity

A

proportion of infected people who develop clinically apparent disease

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9
Q

define virulence

A

proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal

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10
Q

define viral load

A

number of viral particles in each mL of blood

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11
Q

define viral shedding

A

process of viral spread

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12
Q

describe the process of viral shedding

A
  1. the virus replicates within a cell
  2. the infected cell releases the virus
  3. the virus infects more cells
  4. the virus is transmitted via contact, droplet, or airborne modes
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13
Q

define health disparity

A

the difference in health between groups

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14
Q

what is a barrier in health disparity?

A

stigma

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15
Q

What is another type of barrier in health disparity?

A

health insurance

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16
Q

Define drug diversion per CDC

A

an action that occurs when prescription medicines are obtained or used illegally by healthcare providers

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17
Q

What are the responsibilities of health care organizations to prevent drug diversion?

A
  1. prevention
  2. detection
  3. response
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18
Q

What can health care organizations to prevent drug diversion?

A

Narcotic security measures

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19
Q

What can health care organizations to detect drug diversion?

A

active monitoring systems

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20
Q

What can health care organizations to respond to drug diversion?

A
  1. patient harm assessment

2. expedited reporting to law agencies and all other enforcement agencies including the state BON.

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21
Q

The Who defines the implementation of safe injection practices as cation that: (3 things)

A
  1. Do no harm to the patient
  2. Prevent the risk of exposure the health care provider
  3. Reduce exposure to the larger community
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22
Q

What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed contact infection w/transport?

A

follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to contact precautions

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23
Q

What do you want to do before entering the room of a patient on contact precautions before TRANSPORT?

A
  1. Refer to your facility’s policy and procedures
  2. Notify the receiving department
  3. Perform hand hygiene
  4. Don a gown and gloves
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24
Q

What do you do to prepare before TRANSPORT of patient on contact precautions?

A
  1. Talk w/pt. and explain your intended purpose
  2. cover the infected or colonized area of the patent’s body
  3. Remove your gown and gloves and discard them
  4. Perform hand hygiene
  5. Put on clean gloves
  6. Clean and disinfect bed equipment that will be touched during patient transport
  7. remove gloves and discard them
  8. Perform hand hygiene
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25
Q

What 2 things should happen when transporting a contact patient?

A
  1. PPE should be worn only if the pt. is restless or into aged and requires direct contact
  2. An additional team member who is not wearing PPE is needed to touch equipment, door handles, elevator buttons, and other items
26
Q

What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed droplet infection w/transport?

A

follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to droplet precautions

27
Q

What are the guidelines for a single-patient room for droplet precautions?

A
  1. the door or curtain to the patient’s room or area is kept closed
  2. Patients are cohort according to the pathogen after consultation with an infection preventionist
  3. A distance of 3 to 6 feet is maintained between patients
28
Q

What should healthcare providers wear when with a patient who is on droplet precautions?

A
  1. Wear a surgical mask during patient care

2. Wear an N95 respirator when performing aerosol-generating procedures

29
Q

What are examples of aerosol-generating procedures?

A
  1. Intubation
  2. bronchoscopy
  3. Respiratory tract suctioning
30
Q

What should happen with the patient during patient movement and transport on droplet precautions?

A

The patient should…

  1. wear a mask during transport
  2. be instructed to cough and respiratory etiquette
31
Q

What should happen with the transport team during patient movement and transport on droplet precations?

A

does not need to wear a mask

32
Q

What should happen with equipment used on a patient on droplet precautions?

A

all equipment must be cleaned

33
Q

What does enhanced environmental cleaning require to prevent disease transmission for droplet precautions?

A

requires PPE (gown, gloves, eye protection)

34
Q

What is important to remember with room cleaning and disinfection for a patient room on droplet precautions?

A

Room access is restricted until 99.9% of airborne particles have been filtered after an aerosolizing procedure has been performed on a patient with a suspected or confirmed droplet transmissible disease

35
Q

What should visitors remember when coming to visit their loved ones who are droplet precautions?

A

Visitors should wash their hands before and after entering the patient’s room. And should wear a surgical mask

36
Q

What should you do for the patient with a suspected or confirmed airborne case?

A

follow standard precautions in addition to adhering to airborne precautions

37
Q

What are the guidelines for a single-patient room for airborne precautions?

A

AIIR: airborne infection isolation room

38
Q

What must happen in an AIIR?

A
  1. Doors must remain closed

2. Traffic is limited

39
Q

What should you do if an AIIR isn’t available?

A

consult an infection preventionist

40
Q

What PPE should be used when caring for a pt. on airborne precautions?

A
  1. N95 or…

2. PAPR –> not approved in the OR

41
Q

What are postponed if pt. is confirmed to have airborne disease?

A

surgery and other elective procedures until test results show that the patient is noninfectious

42
Q

What happens if a procedure cannot be postponed even though the pt. has an airborne disease?

A

surgery is scheduled with a minimum number of staff members at the end of the day

43
Q

What is important to remember with movement of a pt. with an airborne disease?

A

pt. is only moved for medically necessary reasons

44
Q

Before a pt. on airborne precautions is transported, what are they instructed to do?

A

cough and respiratory etiquette

45
Q

If a pt. on airborne precautions is being transported what must they wear?

A

a mask

46
Q

If the pt. on airborne precautions is wearing a mask, does the transport team have to wear one?

A

NO

47
Q

How is a pt. on airborne precautions transported? what route?

A

all pt. holding holding areas are bypassed and the pt. is taken directly to surgery

48
Q

What happens after a procedure for a pt. on airborne precautions?

A

the patient is taken to an AIIR - if an AIIR is not available, consult with an infection preventionist

49
Q

What equipment is used for a pt. on airborne precautions?

A

a single-use bacterial filter is used on the breathing circuit or ET tube

50
Q

What are 2 parameters for room cleaning and disinfection for a pt. on airborne precautions?

A
  1. Room access is restricted until 99% of airborne particles have been filtered
  2. An N95 or PAPr is worn if the room must be entered before air filtration is complete
51
Q

What are airborne pt. visitor considerations?

A

Visitors should wash their hands before and after entering the patient’s room. And should wear a surgical mask

52
Q

When are visitors exempt from wearing a mask when visiting a pt. on airborne precautions?

A

if there is documentation of exposure and this is permitted by the facility’s policy and procedures

53
Q

What are the Do’s of blood borne pathogens

A
  1. Don PPE when exposure to blood, body fluids or other potentially infections materials is anticipated
  2. Wash your hands with soap and water or flush mucous membranes as soon as possible after direct contact with blood, body fluids, or OPIM
  3. Provide and attend educational sessions at least yearly and when there are procedural changes
54
Q

What are the Don’ts of blood borne pathogens?

A
  1. Take food or beverages into the semi-restricted or restricted areas
  2. Keep food or beverages on or in any work space or area where blood, body fluids, or OPIM may be present
  3. Apply lip balm, cosmetics, or contact lenses in the semi-restricted or restricted areas
55
Q

What are employees screened for preventable diseases such as?

A
  1. Hepatits B virus
  2. TB
  3. MMR
  4. Tdap
  5. varicella
  6. seasonal flu
56
Q

What is a health disparity?

A

Difference in health access between groups

57
Q

What is facility’s process the a health care provider receives a sharp injury?

A
  1. get rid of needle
  2. change gloves
  3. look at injury
  4. stay or scrub out depending on injury
  5. pt. testing
  6. Go home and wait 6 months
58
Q

What is facility’s process the a health care provider receives a sharp injury at night?

A

ED on off hours

59
Q

What is the difference between CD4 and cells?

A

they are the same thing

60
Q

What is the relationship between the T cell count and viral load?

A

increase in viral load equals increase in T cell count.

AORN Periop class (23 decks)

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