Translation Procedures

Question 1

Oblique translation procedures or strategies (8)

Answer 1

Transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, amplification, explicitation, omission, compensation.

Question 2

Direct translation procedures or strategies (3)

Answer 2

calque, borrowing, literal translation

Calque & borrowing son casos especiales de literal Translation.

Question 3

Transposition

Answer 3

To replace part of the discourse in the source language text by something different which, in the language of the translated text, conveys the main semantic content of the former.

Question 4

Modulation

Answer 4

To change the conceptual basis within a clause, without altering the meaning of the clause. In other words, to express an idea from a different point of view.

Question 5

Equivalence

Answer 5

The most extreme example of the modulation procedure, it entails conveying the same situation in different modes, especially idiomatic ones.

Question 6

Adaptation

Answer 6

Procedure in which the same message is conveyed by an equivalent situation. Adaptation refers, above all, to the replacement of cultural elements present in the source language by their equivalents in the target language.

Ex– solicitor –> abogado

Question 7

Translation strategies

Answer 7

Recurrent working methods found amongst translators and interpreters

Question 8

Amplification

Answer 8

Procedure whereby more monemes (lexemes and morphemes) are deployed in the language of the translated text than in the source language to express the same idea. Also sometimes called diffusion.

Question 9

Explicitation

Answer 9

Procedure by which what is implicit in the context of the source language is expressed by the language of the translated text.

Question 10

Omission

Answer 10

Deletion in the language of the translated text of certain unnecessary segments of the statement in the source language.

Question 11

Compensation

Answer 11

Procedure used when a loss of meaning occurs in a segment or unit of translation, which must be compensated for at some other point in the text.

Question 12

Literal translation

Answer 12

AKA Literality

Procedure whereby one language is translated into another by seeking precise equivalences in terms of structure and meaning from moneme to moneme.

Question 13

calque

Answer 13

Special case of literal translation wherein the form or meaning of the foreign word or phrase is imitated, but not its phonetic structure.

Examples are rascacielos for skyscraper and peso mosca for flyweight.

Question 14

borrowing

Answer 14

Special case of literal translation wherein the form or meaning of the foreign word or phrase is imitated in form, meaning and phonetic structure.

Question 15

Paul Kussmaul’s classifications of translation problems

Answer 15

Functional, pragmatic, stylistic, cultural, documentary, etc.

Question 16

Literal translation

Answer 16

Direct translation procedure where one language is translated to another by seeking precise equivalences in terms of structure and meaning from moneme to moneme.

Question 17

Calque

Answer 17

Literal translation special case where the form or meaning of the foreign word or phrase is imitated, but not its phonetic structure.

Ex. Skyscraper = rascacielos

Question 18

Borrowing

Answer 18

Literal translation special case where form, meaning and phonetic structure of foreign word or phrase are exactly imitated.

Ex. JFK = JFK

Question 19

Kussmaul classification of translation problems that can be addressed by translation strategy (ies).

5+

Answer 19

functional, pragmatic, stylistic, cultural, documentary, etc.