Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations Test 1 > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stop codons

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Steps of tRNA “charging”

A

Forms aminoacyl-AMP via hydrolysis
tRNA synthetases must only join each amino acid to the tRNA that has the anticodon needed for that amino acid

Requires ATP Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inosine can base pair with

A

U,C,A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wobble position

A

Third position (on 5’ end)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does wobble position allow

A

Same amino acid can come from different codons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ribosomes are

A

Large ribonucleoprotein complexes conatining several rRNAs and many proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Initation of translation

A

1) CBP (cap-binding protein) binds to 5’ Cap of mRNA
2) Small ribosomal unit interacts with CBP complexed with 5’ Cap
3) Small subunit scans until it finds AUG (Kozak sequence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Important initiation factor for initiation of translation

A

eIF-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 antibiotics that target translation

A

Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Tetracyclines
Streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IRE

A

Iron responsive elements found on mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IRE-binding protein

A

Binds to IRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IRE-binding protein binding pattern

A

Iron-bound IRE-BP cannot bind to IRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ferritin function

A

Iron storage protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transferrin receptor

A

Cell membrane protein that brings Fe into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Low/high iron ferritin

A

Low - IRE-binding protein binds to IRE so translation inhibited
High - IRE-binding protein cannot bind so translation proceeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Low/high iron transferrin

A

Low - IRE-binding protein binds to IRE to prevent degradation
High - IRE-BP cannot bind so degradation of mRNA occurs

18
Q

HCI

A

Kinase inhibited by heme

Phosphorylates and inactivates eIF2, which decreases translation of mRNAs (including globin mRNAs)

19
Q

eIF2

A

When not phosphorylated, increases translation of globin proteins

20
Q

What rxn occurs to make disulfide bonds

A

Oxidation

O2—–H2O2

21
Q

Insulin generated form -_____ and example of _____

A

Proteolysis of proteins

Proinsulin (also produces C peptide)

22
Q

Digestive enzyme activation

A

Trypsinogen cleaved by enteropeptidase and trypsin into trypsin
Trypsin cleaves proelastase into elastase
Trypsin cleaves chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin

23
Q

2 paths to apoptosis and where they converge

A

Fas and mitochondrion

Both cleave procaspase 3

24
Q

Fas path to apoptosis

A

Fas receptor cleaves procaspase-8 into caspase 8…caspase 8 cleaves procaspase 3 into caspase 3…caspase 3 causes apoptosis

25
Q

Mitochondrial path to apoptosis

A

Mitochondrion forms apoptosome…procaspase 9 cleaved to caspase 9…cleaves procaspase 3 into caspase 3

26
Q

Clotting pathways converge ofn

A

Prothrombin

27
Q

Hemophilia A

A

Low factor 8

28
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Low factor 9

29
Q

Hemophilia symtoms

A

Prolonged bleeding and bruising easily

30
Q

Normal/alzheimer pathway of Abeta

A

alpha secretase

beta secretase

31
Q

Protein phosphorylation occurs of

A

Serine, threonine, and tyrosine side chains

32
Q

Phosphorylation regulates_______

A

The activities of proteins

33
Q

Histone acetylation occurs on

A

Specific lysine residues (histones)

34
Q

HAT/HDAC

A

HAT - Histone acetylation - opens the chromatin

HDAC - Histone deacetylation - silencing

35
Q

Cancer cells and HDAC

A

Cancer cells use HDAC to turn off tumor suppressor genes by causing HDAC to be recruited to promoter

36
Q

HDAC inhibitors used in

A

Cancers that suppress tumor suppressor genes

37
Q

2 HDAC inhibitors

A

Trichostatin A
Trapoxin
Just eliminate enough HDAC to allow cells to die when treated with other therapies

38
Q

p53 modification

A

Acetylated

39
Q

Valproic acid

A

HDAC1 inhibitor that works on p53

40
Q

Ubiquitination and when it happens

A

Targets proteins for degradation by protesosome

Damaged or regulated to degradation

41
Q

Ras associates with membranes by

A

Side chain of a cysteine near C-terminus is liken to farnesyl (lipid group) by farnesyl transferase

42
Q

FTI

A

Farnesyl transferase inhibitor - doesn’t allow attachment of farnesyl to Ras so therefore Ras cannot be incorporated into the membrane and cannot become active

Foundations Test 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions