Acidosis and Alkalosis

Question 1

Fat tissue holds ______ water so obese people hold _______

Answer 1

less

Lower water content by weight

Question 2

Fluid compartments for average 70 kg man

Answer 2

25 L ICF

15 L ECF (10 interstital and 5 blood)

Question 3

As water passed from blood to urine _____

Answer 3

Water replenished from ICF

Question 4

ICF higher electrolytes

Answer 4

Potassium, inorganic phisphate

Question 5

ECF Higher electrolyters

Answer 5

Na, Cl, HCO3

Question 6

mEq equation

Answer 6

mmol X Abs(charge)

Question 7

Buffers consist of

Answer 7

Weak acid and conjugate base

Question 8

Buffers can compensate

Answer 8

WIthin 1 pH unit of pKa of acid

Question 9

3 sources of acids in adults

Answer 9

Non-volatile (digestive)
Organic (normal metabolism)
CO2 (from O2 use by muscles)

Question 10

CO2 combines with _____ to form _____

Answer 10

H2O

H2CO3

Question 11

Non-volatile acids quantity

Answer 11

Minor (50-100 mEq)

Question 12

Organic acids concentration

Answer 12

Thousands of mmol per day

Metabolized to neutral organic compounds

Question 13

Organic acid concentration of ECF

Answer 13

Low and at steady state

Question 14

Carbon dioxide is ____

Answer 14

major buffering system of ECF

Question 15

Acid base balance from rapid to long-term

Answer 15

Normal pulmonary excretion of CO2
Metabolic utilization of organic acids
Renal excretion of non-volatile acids

Question 16

Acidemia vs. acidosis (same with alkalosis and alkalemia()

Answer 16

Acidemia - blood pH below normal range

Acidosis - process that lowers ECF pH

Question 17

Metabolic acidosis/alka

Answer 17

Changes serum HCO3 concentrations and pH

Question 18

Metabolic acid/alk response

Answer 18

Respiratory response moving pCO2 in same direction as HCO3 change

Question 19

Respiratory acid/alk

Answer 19

CHanges arterial CO2 and pH

Question 20

Respiratory response

Answer 20

Initial - Change in HCO3 by buffering

Later - Renal response changing HCO3 in same direction of pCO2

Question 21

Met acid - cause and response

Answer 21

cause - HCO3 dec

Resp - pCO2 dec via resp

Question 22

Resp acidosis cause and resp

Answer 22

cause - pCO2 inc
Acute - HCO3 inc via buffer
Chronic - HCO3 inc via renal

Question 23

Met alkalosis - cause and response

Answer 23

Cause - HCO3 inc

Resp - pCO2 in via resp

Question 24

Resp alkalosis - cause and response

Answer 24

Cause - pCO2 dec
Acute - HCO3 dec via buffer
Chronic - HCO3 dec via renal

Question 25

hyperventaltion incdicates

Answer 25

metabolic acidosis

Question 26

Deeper, slower breaths indicates

Answer 26

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 27

Initial diagnosis

Answer 27

Serum electorlyters (HCO3)

Question 28

Definitive diagnosis

Answer 28

Serum pH and pCO2

Question 29

Essential to collect

Answer 29

Patient hisotry

Question 30

Vomiting causes

Answer 30

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 31

Hypovolemia (what is it and what does it cause)

Answer 31

Low volume from diarrhea

Lactic acidosis

Question 32

Aspirin poisoning

Answer 32

Acidosis

Question 33

SID

Answer 33

Strong ion difference

Cation - anion

Question 34

Decrease in SID difference causes

Answer 34

acidosis

Question 35

Mechanism of SID changing pH

Answer 35

POsitive charges must equal negative…body compensates by increasing H+ ions

Question 36

Hyperchloremic acidosis

Answer 36

Caused often from fluid resusciation

Question 37

How to avoid SID changes

Answer 37

Ringer’s/Hartmann’s solutions
Ringers - bicarb
Hartmann’s - lactate
Replaces Cl with something else