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Cytogen > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

pathway to making a protein:

A

DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA -> protein

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2
Q

process of decoding the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

A

translation

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3
Q

final step of the central dogma

A

translation

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4
Q

where does translation occur?

A

free ribosomes and ribosomes in ER

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5
Q

ribosomes are composed of:

A

60% proteins, 40% rRNA

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6
Q

two sites of attachment for tRNA

A

P and A

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7
Q

how many mRNA and tRNA binding sites are there?

A

1 mRNA binding site
3 tRNA binding sites

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8
Q

holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added

A

A site

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9
Q

holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

A

P site

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10
Q

where the tRNA leaves the ribosome

A

E site

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11
Q

where is amino acid attached?

A

to the 2’ or 3’ carbon of the ribose at the 3’ end of tRNA

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12
Q

how many possible codons in the genetic code?

A

64

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13
Q

translation initiation factors:

A

[mICs]
mRNA
Initiation factors
Charged tRNA
small ribosomal unit

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14
Q

binds to the 30s (small) ribosomal subunit, allowing it to bind to mRNA

A

eIF3

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15
Q

recognizes the 5’ end of the mRNA

A

eIF4

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16
Q

forms a complex with the charged tRNA and GTP

A

eIF2

17
Q

helps the other IF to stabilize the 30s ribosomal subunit

A

eIF1

18
Q

what allows the initiation complex to join the 50s (large) ribosomal unit?

A

the hydrolyzation of GTP to GDP + P

19
Q

elongation steps:

A

[CPT]
Codon recognition
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

20
Q

H bonds form between the mRNA and tRNA

A

codon recognition

21
Q

polypeptide chain is transferred to tRNA at the A-site; involves the carboxyl end

A

peptide bond formation

22
Q

ribosome moves tRNA from P to E site (leaves ribosome); tRNA from A to P site (ready for next polymerization)

A

translocation

23
Q

A site becomes empty

A

translocation

24
Q

Ochre

A

UAA

25
Q

Amber

A

UAG

26
Q

Opal

A

UGA

27
Q

catalyze the cleavage of the bonds between the polypeptide and tRNA

A

release factor

28
Q

adds water molecule instead of amino acid

A

release factor

29
Q

links amino acids in translation

A

peptide bond

Cytogen (8 decks)

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