Translation Flashcards

1
Q

pathway to making a protein:

A

DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA -> protein

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2
Q

process of decoding the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

A

translation

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3
Q

final step of the central dogma

A

translation

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4
Q

where does translation occur?

A

free ribosomes and ribosomes in ER

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5
Q

ribosomes are composed of:

A

60% proteins, 40% rRNA

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6
Q

two sites of attachment for tRNA

A

P and A

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7
Q

how many mRNA and tRNA binding sites are there?

A

1 mRNA binding site
3 tRNA binding sites

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8
Q

holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added

A

A site

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9
Q

holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

A

P site

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10
Q

where the tRNA leaves the ribosome

A

E site

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11
Q

where is amino acid attached?

A

to the 2’ or 3’ carbon of the ribose at the 3’ end of tRNA

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12
Q

how many possible codons in the genetic code?

A

64

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13
Q

translation initiation factors:

A

[mICs]
mRNA
Initiation factors
Charged tRNA
small ribosomal unit

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14
Q

binds to the 30s (small) ribosomal subunit, allowing it to bind to mRNA

A

eIF3

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15
Q

recognizes the 5’ end of the mRNA

A

eIF4

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16
Q

forms a complex with the charged tRNA and GTP

17
Q

helps the other IF to stabilize the 30s ribosomal subunit

18
Q

what allows the initiation complex to join the 50s (large) ribosomal unit?

A

the hydrolyzation of GTP to GDP + P

19
Q

elongation steps:

A

[CPT]
Codon recognition
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

20
Q

H bonds form between the mRNA and tRNA

A

codon recognition

21
Q

polypeptide chain is transferred to tRNA at the A-site; involves the carboxyl end

A

peptide bond formation

22
Q

ribosome moves tRNA from P to E site (leaves ribosome); tRNA from A to P site (ready for next polymerization)

A

translocation

23
Q

A site becomes empty

A

translocation

24
Q

Ochre

25
Amber
UAG
26
Opal
UGA
27
catalyze the cleavage of the bonds between the polypeptide and tRNA
release factor
28
adds water molecule instead of amino acid
release factor
29
links amino acids in translation
peptide bond