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Cytogen > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

During the replication process, the two complementary
strands of DNA come apart and serve as _____ for the synthesis of 2 new strands of DNA

A

template or parental strands

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2
Q

To complete the replication process, what bond is
formed between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the previous nucleotide?

A

covalent bond

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3
Q

how are two DNA strands linked together?

A

through hydrogen bonding

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4
Q

process by which a double-stranded DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

A

DNA replication

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5
Q

DNA replication models:

A

[SCD]
semiconservative
conservative
dispersive

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6
Q

the double-stranded DNA is half conserved following the replication process; it is a complex of an old parental strand and one daughter strand

A

semiconservative replication

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7
Q

both parental strands of DNA remain together following DNA replication; parental strands is completely conserved, and two newly made daughter strands also remain together following replication

A

conservative replication

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8
Q

segments of parental DNA and newly made DNA are interspersed in both strands following the replication process; contain a part of the old and new

A

dispersive replication

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9
Q

what is the correct model for DNA replication?

A

semiconservative replication

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10
Q

before a cell divides, DNA must first be

A

copied

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11
Q

in what phase is DNA copied?

A

S phase of interphase

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12
Q

what forms when DNA opens are the origin?

A

replication bubbles

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13
Q

replicating units that form bubbles and are stretches of DNA with a single origin of replication

A

replicons

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14
Q

synthesizes the leading strand

A

continuous replication

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15
Q

synthesizes the lagging strand

A

discontinuous replication

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16
Q

3’-5’ template strand, runs in 5’-3’ direction, replicates towards the replication fork

A

leading strand

17
Q

5’-3’ template strand, runs in 3’-5’ direction, replicates away from the replication fork

A

lagging strand

18
Q

short segments where the lagging strand occurs

A

okazaki fragments

19
Q

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in what direction?

A

5’ to 3’

20
Q

unzipping enzyme; unwinds the DNA double helix

A

helicase

21
Q

initializer; synthesizes short oligonucleotides

A

primase

22
Q

allows the leading strand to be threaded through

A

clamp protein

23
Q

builder; join the assembled nucleotides

A

DNA polymerase

24
Q

gluer; join okazaki fragments in the lagging strands; spot welder

A

ligase

25
Q

fills in small DNA fragments during replication and repair

A

DNA polymerase I

26
Q

alternative repair polymerase

A

DNA polymerase II

27
Q

major DNA polymerase during normal DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase III

28
Q

arrange the steps:
(a) primase creates the primers on both strands
(b) single-stranded binding proteins attach and keep the 2 DNA strands separated and untwisted
(c) DNA polymerase can add the new nucleotides
(d) helicase unwinds the DNA and separates the strands

A

D, B, A, C

29
Q

this enzyme attaches to the 2 forks of the bubble to relieve stress on the DNA molecule as it separates

A

topoisomerase

30
Q

alleviates positive supercoiling

A

topoisomerase II

31
Q

the purpose of primase is to build the ______ which attracts the _______

A

RNA primer, DNA polymerase

32
Q

this keeps the DNA strands seprated and untwisted

A

SSB

33
Q

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the __ end of the sugar

A

3’

34
Q

arrange the steps:
(e) replication continues
(f) DNA polymerase proofreads, checks activity, and replaces incorrect bases
(g) ligase seals sugar-phosphate backbone
(h) enzymes remove RNA primers

A

F, E, H, G

35
Q

where does energy for bonding come from?

A

from the nucleotides, which have three phosphates attached such as ATP

when bonds are broken, energy is released

Cytogen (8 decks)

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