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Cytogen > Fertilization and Gametogenesis > Flashcards

Fertilization and Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

how many days does sperm survive in a woman’s body

A

3 days

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2
Q

egg cell must be fertilized within

A

12-24 hours

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3
Q

changes that occur between the sperm and ovum, allowing only one sperm to penetrate the ovum

A

capacitation

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4
Q

steps in fertilization:

A

[JVP]
(1) Jelly coat
(2) Vitelline envelope
(3) Plasma membrane fuse

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5
Q

this needs to be penetrated in order for the sperm to fuse with the oocyte

A

corona radiata

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6
Q

contains digestive enzymes to eat away the jelly layer

A

acrosome cap

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7
Q

species-specific boundary involved in sperm-egg recognition

A

vitelline envelope

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8
Q

what disappears and appears when egg and sperm plasma membrane fuse?

A

ovum disappears
pro-nuclei (two sets of chromosomes) appear

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9
Q

mitotic division of a zygote into a morula

A

cleavage

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10
Q

ball of cells that form a blastula that implants in the uterus

A

morula

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11
Q

termed as primitive germ cells; surrounded by a single layer of flat follicular cells

A

primordial follicle

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12
Q

arrested stage; does not complete meiosis I until after puberty; several layers of granulosa cells; theca folliculi; zona pellucida

A

primary follicle

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13
Q

found between the primary oocyte and granulosa cell

A

zona pellucida

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14
Q

theca interna; theca externa; antrum; corona radiata

A

secondary follicle

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15
Q

cavity filled with follicular fluid produced by granulosa cells

A

antrum

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16
Q

occurs before ovulation; diploid before it undergoes mitosis to become two haploids of unequal size

A

mature follicle

17
Q

two haploid cells

A

first polar body
secondary oocyte

18
Q

discarded nuclear material

A

first polar body

19
Q

undergoes meiosis II and stops at metaphase II

A

mature follicle

20
Q

if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, what happens

A

menstruation occurs

21
Q

if the secondary oocyte is fertilized, what happens?

A

meiosis II resumes

22
Q

initiates follicular growth and secretion of estrogen; needed to form oocyte

A

FSH

23
Q

promotes the formation of corpus luteum; stimulates the production of estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin

A

LH

24
Q

stimulates further development of ovarian follicles

A

LH

25
Q

inhibits the secretion of FSH and stops the production of LH

A

inhibin

26
Q

stages of embryogenesis

A

fertilization -> zygote -> morula -> blastocyst -> embryo

27
Q

results of fertilization:

A

determination of sex
reassociation of male and female sets of chromosomes to full diploid number
activation of ovum into cleavafe

28
Q

stages of prenatal development:

A

(1) pre-embryonic period
(2) embryonic period
(3) fetal period

29
Q

amniotic cavity forms between the inner cell and zygote during what week

A

2nd week

30
Q

occurs third to eighth weeks when all manor organ systems begin to develop

A

embryonic period

31
Q

when does fetal period end?

A

at birth

32
Q

fertile men

A

63% moving soerm
more than 12% normal sperm shape and structure

33
Q

infertile men

A

below 13.5 m sperm count
>32% sperm motility
>9% normal sperm appearance

34
Q

habits that can induce sperm count

A

testicular overheating
emotional stress

35
Q

entrance of multiple sperm

A

polyspermy

36
Q

what occurs during polyspermy

A

fast change of electrical potential of egg plasma membrane,
egg releases all of their Ca ions (sperm confusion) - sperm will not enter

37
Q

the lower yolky portion of the egg; opposite of the animal hemisphere

A

vegetal hemisphere

38
Q

implantation starts when

A

blastocyst attached to the endometrium

39
Q

what produces HCG

A

Trophoblast of the blastocyst

Cytogen (8 decks)

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