Transitions to First Words (Ch. 5) Flashcards
Syllables that contain a minimum of one consonant and a vowel and are produced with an adult-like timing
Canonical Syllables
Auditory and articulatory input that a child receives when vocalizing; as a baby vocalizes, he is able to both hear and feel the result of the movement, allowing him to associate a specific movement pattern with a specific acoustic signal
Feedback loop
Early stage of language development spanning the period from the child’s acquisition of the first word through an expressive vocabulary of approx 50 words
First Words Period
Phonological process resulting in all consonants or vowels in a word being produced with similar articulatory features
Harmony
Words that have different meanings but are produced with the same phonetic form (may or may not be spelled the same)
Homophones
A relatively stable sound pattern used by a child in a consistent meaningful context that does not have an identifiable adult target form
Protoword
Variable production of a specific sound when it occurs in different words
Inter-word variability
Variable production of a single word
Intra-word variability
A child’s preference for words based on their phonological properties
Lexical selection
List of all consonants, vowels, and syllable shapes produced by an individual child
Phonetic inventory
Consistent simplification patterns of target sounds often used by children
Phonological Processes
Information stored in an individual’s mental lexicon regarding the sound structure of a word
Phonological Representation
Phonological process involving the exact or partial repetition of a syllable
Reduplication
Speech sounds that have a hissing-quality
Silibant Consonant
English silibant phonemes (4)
/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/
Whole word articulatory pattern that a child may use for the production of multiple words
Template
Sound production patterns observed frequently in the babble of an individual child that often carry over into meaningful speech
Vocal Motor Schemes
A true word has a stable __________ referent together with a relatively stable _____________ form that in some way resembles the adult target word.
semantic; phonetic
Which consonant classes are most common in children’s productions of early words?
Stops, nasals, glides
Which syllable shapes are most common in children’s early word productions? q
Simple syllable structures, including CV, CVC, and CVCV.
What two things differentiate a true word from babble?
Relatively stable phonetic form
Semantic Referent
A baby’s preferred ____________ ________________ used in babble may influence early words.
production pattern
Why is the word “relatively” included with “stable phonetic form” when defining a true word?
Children are quite variable in their production of early words, and intra-word variability occurs when they child is producing a word.
There are no major differences in terms of the phonetic characteristics of _________ ________ and ___________ ____________.
late babble;
early speech
There is no __________ period during the transition from babble to speech.
silent
A child’s first word selection are often made up of ______________ and ______________ shapes they have been practicing during babble.
consonants; syllable
A child may avoid words that contain later developing sounds such as what? (2)
affricates, liquids
Why might the whole word be the minimal unit of phonological representation for young children?
Children use phonological “templates” along with intra- and inter-word variability, so a segment by segment basis does not provide adequate information.
On average, when do children begin to produce recognizable words?
First birthday
During what period does a child’s vocabulary grow from zero to 50 words?
First Words Period
1 year-18 months
What is the vocabulary size on a child’s 2nd birthday?
about 300 words
