Transitions to First Words (Ch. 5) Flashcards

1
Q

Syllables that contain a minimum of one consonant and a vowel and are produced with an adult-like timing

A

Canonical Syllables

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2
Q

Auditory and articulatory input that a child receives when vocalizing; as a baby vocalizes, he is able to both hear and feel the result of the movement, allowing him to associate a specific movement pattern with a specific acoustic signal

A

Feedback loop

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3
Q

Early stage of language development spanning the period from the child’s acquisition of the first word through an expressive vocabulary of approx 50 words

A

First Words Period

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4
Q

Phonological process resulting in all consonants or vowels in a word being produced with similar articulatory features

A

Harmony

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5
Q

Words that have different meanings but are produced with the same phonetic form (may or may not be spelled the same)

A

Homophones

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6
Q

A relatively stable sound pattern used by a child in a consistent meaningful context that does not have an identifiable adult target form

A

Protoword

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7
Q

Variable production of a specific sound when it occurs in different words

A

Inter-word variability

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8
Q

Variable production of a single word

A

Intra-word variability

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9
Q

A child’s preference for words based on their phonological properties

A

Lexical selection

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10
Q

List of all consonants, vowels, and syllable shapes produced by an individual child

A

Phonetic inventory

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11
Q

Consistent simplification patterns of target sounds often used by children

A

Phonological Processes

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12
Q

Information stored in an individual’s mental lexicon regarding the sound structure of a word

A

Phonological Representation

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13
Q

Phonological process involving the exact or partial repetition of a syllable

A

Reduplication

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14
Q

Speech sounds that have a hissing-quality

A

Silibant Consonant

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15
Q

English silibant phonemes (4)

A

/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/

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16
Q

Whole word articulatory pattern that a child may use for the production of multiple words

17
Q

Sound production patterns observed frequently in the babble of an individual child that often carry over into meaningful speech

A

Vocal Motor Schemes

18
Q

A true word has a stable __________ referent together with a relatively stable _____________ form that in some way resembles the adult target word.

A

semantic; phonetic

19
Q

Which consonant classes are most common in children’s productions of early words?

A

Stops, nasals, glides

20
Q

Which syllable shapes are most common in children’s early word productions? q

A

Simple syllable structures, including CV, CVC, and CVCV.

21
Q

What two things differentiate a true word from babble?

A

Relatively stable phonetic form

Semantic Referent

22
Q

A baby’s preferred ____________ ________________ used in babble may influence early words.

A

production pattern

23
Q

Why is the word “relatively” included with “stable phonetic form” when defining a true word?

A

Children are quite variable in their production of early words, and intra-word variability occurs when they child is producing a word.

24
Q

There are no major differences in terms of the phonetic characteristics of _________ ________ and ___________ ____________.

A

late babble;

early speech

25
There is no __________ period during the transition from babble to speech.
silent
26
A child's first word selection are often made up of ______________ and ______________ shapes they have been practicing during babble.
consonants; syllable
27
A child may avoid words that contain later developing sounds such as what? (2)
affricates, liquids
28
Why might the whole word be the minimal unit of phonological representation for young children?
Children use phonological "templates" along with intra- and inter-word variability, so a segment by segment basis does not provide adequate information.
29
On average, when do children begin to produce recognizable words?
First birthday
30
During what period does a child's vocabulary grow from zero to 50 words?
First Words Period | 1 year-18 months
31
What is the vocabulary size on a child's 2nd birthday?
about 300 words