Transitions to First Words (Ch. 5)

Question 1

Syllables that contain a minimum of one consonant and a vowel and are produced with an adult-like timing

Answer 1

Canonical Syllables

Question 2

Auditory and articulatory input that a child receives when vocalizing; as a baby vocalizes, he is able to both hear and feel the result of the movement, allowing him to associate a specific movement pattern with a specific acoustic signal

Answer 2

Feedback loop

Question 3

Early stage of language development spanning the period from the child’s acquisition of the first word through an expressive vocabulary of approx 50 words

Answer 3

First Words Period

Question 4

Phonological process resulting in all consonants or vowels in a word being produced with similar articulatory features

Answer 4

Harmony

Question 5

Words that have different meanings but are produced with the same phonetic form (may or may not be spelled the same)

Answer 5

Homophones

Question 6

A relatively stable sound pattern used by a child in a consistent meaningful context that does not have an identifiable adult target form

Answer 6

Protoword

Question 7

Variable production of a specific sound when it occurs in different words

Answer 7

Inter-word variability

Question 8

Variable production of a single word

Answer 8

Intra-word variability

Question 9

A child’s preference for words based on their phonological properties

Answer 9

Lexical selection

Question 10

List of all consonants, vowels, and syllable shapes produced by an individual child

Answer 10

Phonetic inventory

Question 11

Consistent simplification patterns of target sounds often used by children

Answer 11

Phonological Processes

Question 12

Information stored in an individual’s mental lexicon regarding the sound structure of a word

Answer 12

Phonological Representation

Question 13

Phonological process involving the exact or partial repetition of a syllable

Answer 13

Reduplication

Question 14

Speech sounds that have a hissing-quality

Answer 14

Silibant Consonant

Question 15

English silibant phonemes (4)

Answer 15

/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/

Question 16

Whole word articulatory pattern that a child may use for the production of multiple words

Answer 16

Template

Question 17

Sound production patterns observed frequently in the babble of an individual child that often carry over into meaningful speech

Answer 17

Vocal Motor Schemes

Question 18

A true word has a stable __________ referent together with a relatively stable _____________ form that in some way resembles the adult target word.

Answer 18

semantic; phonetic

Question 19

Which consonant classes are most common in children’s productions of early words?

Answer 19

Stops, nasals, glides

Question 20

Which syllable shapes are most common in children’s early word productions? q

Answer 20

Simple syllable structures, including CV, CVC, and CVCV.

Question 21

What two things differentiate a true word from babble?

Answer 21

Relatively stable phonetic form

Semantic Referent

Question 22

A baby’s preferred ____________ ________________ used in babble may influence early words.

Answer 22

production pattern

Question 23

Why is the word “relatively” included with “stable phonetic form” when defining a true word?

Answer 23

Children are quite variable in their production of early words, and intra-word variability occurs when they child is producing a word.

Question 24

There are no major differences in terms of the phonetic characteristics of _________ ________ and ___________ ____________.

Answer 24

late babble;

early speech

Question 25

There is no __________ period during the transition from babble to speech.

Answer 25

silent

Question 26

A child’s first word selection are often made up of ______________ and ______________ shapes they have been practicing during babble.

Answer 26

consonants; syllable

Question 27

A child may avoid words that contain later developing sounds such as what? (2)

Answer 27

affricates, liquids

Question 28

Why might the whole word be the minimal unit of phonological representation for young children?

Answer 28

Children use phonological “templates” along with intra- and inter-word variability, so a segment by segment basis does not provide adequate information.

Question 29

On average, when do children begin to produce recognizable words?

Answer 29

First birthday

Question 30

During what period does a child’s vocabulary grow from zero to 50 words?

Answer 30

First Words Period

1 year-18 months

Question 31

What is the vocabulary size on a child’s 2nd birthday?

Answer 31

about 300 words