Describing, Analyzing and Testing Children's Speech Sound Abilities (Ch. 2) Flashcards
How well speech conforms to expectations for age and sex and the potential to experience social, educational, or vocational problems because of speech.
Acceptability
Spectral-temporal characteristics of the speech signal that lead to the recognition of articulatory features of sounds, word and utterance boundaries, utterance type (e.g., statement, question, exclamation), speaker identity, etc.
Acoustic Cues
A sound without regularity in the waveform, heard as “noise.”
Aperiodic sound
The process by which actions of the vocal tract structures create the distinctive acoustic energy patterns of the sequences of consonants and vowels in the speech signal.
Articulation
A clinical procedure to determine which speech sounds are produced correctly and incorrectly and what type of error has been made when a sound is judged to be incorrect.
Articulation testing
Anatomical structures (e.g., lips, tongue) utilized to generate speech sounds.
Articulators
Adjustments of two or more articulators are made simultaneously for two or more speech sounds (reflect the properties of at least two phonemes.)
Co-articulation
A sound that has several component frequencies
Complex sound
A subtle or incomplete contrast between phoneme targets produced by a child that indicates the child has not fully neutralized the phonemic contrast
Covert Contrast
A task in which rapid repetitive or alternating movements are used to examine the accuracy, range, speech and coordination of the articulators.
Diadochokinetic tasks
A vowel whose quality changes within the course of a single syllables.
Dipthong
A resonance of the vocal tract
Formant
A change in the frequency of a format associated with a change in vocal tract configuration such as the transition between a stop consonant and vowel
Formant Transition
The lowest frequency or first harmonic of the voice; the number of vocal fold vibratory cycles per second
Fundamental Frequency
Whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency
Harmonics
Analyses that do not involve a comparison of the child’s speech to the target (standard) pronunciation. Examples include inventories of consonants, vowels, or syllable/word shapes
Independent Analyses
How well a child’s speech can be understood by listeners
Intelligibility
A set of alphabetic characters that was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized way to represent the sounds (phonemes) of any spoken language
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
A speech-like task used to evaluate the integrity of the speech motor system. Examples include diadochokinetic rate and maximum phoneme duration
Maximum performance task
A task requiring prolonged production of a voiced continuant sound in one breath
Maximum phonation duration task
A vowel whose quality does not change throughout the syllable.
Monothong
Consonants that involve a complete or narrow constriction of airflow in the oral cavity. Examples include plosives, fricatives, and affricates
Obstruents
When the peaks of a waveform that are too high in amplitude for the recording equipment are cut off, resulting in a recording that does not accurately represent the speech signal of the talker.
Peak Clipping
A sound where there is a regular pattern of component frequencies
Periodic Sound
