Child Phonology, Theories, Clinical Phonology: History of the Field (Ch. 1) Flashcards
Phonology researcher who developed the summary chart of expected ages for phoneme acquisition
Templin, 1957
A proposed mental “dictionary” with lexical, syntactic, semantic, acoustic and articulatory information
Underlying Representations
T/F: There is universal agreement on the number and nature of URs in children
False. There are several different models that attempt to describe underlying representations. The questions remain open.
This theory describes language in terms of structural levels of elements
Structural Theory
Jakobson
This theory states that children derive underlying forms of language from examples in the environment
Generative Grammar
Chomsky
Theory focused on the aerodynamics and motoric variables in a child’s speech system
Natural Phonology
Stampe
The presence of one feature necessarily implies the presence of another
Implicational Hierarchy
“If a child can produce a fricative, then it is very likely that he or she can produce a stop”-
This is an example of what?
Implicational Hierarchy
A unit of language that consists of at least one foot and may or may not coincide with lexical words. (give example)
Prosodic Word
Ex: “doesn’t” - a prosodic word that merges two lexical words
A bundle of phonetic features that characterize a single speech sound
Root Node
A consonant or a vowel
Segment
What are the elements of syllables?
Onset + Rime
The rime of a syllable is made up of what?
Nucleus + Coda
vowel + ending
What were the major discoveries made in early phonology research?
Speech sounds are related to each other in terms of production class Children tend to acquire sounds as classes, rather than individual sounds
What are some universal similarities (tendencies) in typical speech sound development?
Order of Sound Class Acquisition is consistent
What are some typical universal (tendencies) that are seen in sound class acquisition? (3)
Stops before fricatives
Glides before liquids
Singleton consonants before clusters
T/F: Underlying Representations are easy to study.
False. They are not directly observable, so any theories on UR are inferential.
Some research suggests that infants may have two URs, one for __________________ words spoken to them and another for ______________ words.
recognizing; producing
What linguistic theory translated into clinical practice that focuses on single consonant productions?
Structuralist Theory
What theories translated into clinical practice that uses pattern-based treatment approaches?
Phonological Process
or
Rule-Based Theories
