Child Phonology, Theories, Clinical Phonology: History of the Field (Ch. 1)

Question 1

Phonology researcher who developed the summary chart of expected ages for phoneme acquisition

Answer 1

Templin, 1957

Question 2

A proposed mental “dictionary” with lexical, syntactic, semantic, acoustic and articulatory information

Answer 2

Underlying Representations

Question 3

T/F: There is universal agreement on the number and nature of URs in children

Answer 3

False. There are several different models that attempt to describe underlying representations. The questions remain open.

Question 4

This theory describes language in terms of structural levels of elements

Answer 4

Structural Theory

Jakobson

Question 5

This theory states that children derive underlying forms of language from examples in the environment

Answer 5

Generative Grammar

Chomsky

Question 6

Theory focused on the aerodynamics and motoric variables in a child’s speech system

Answer 6

Natural Phonology

Stampe

Question 7

The presence of one feature necessarily implies the presence of another

Answer 7

Implicational Hierarchy

Question 8

“If a child can produce a fricative, then it is very likely that he or she can produce a stop”-
This is an example of what?

Answer 8

Implicational Hierarchy

Question 9

A unit of language that consists of at least one foot and may or may not coincide with lexical words. (give example)

Answer 9

Prosodic Word

Ex: “doesn’t” - a prosodic word that merges two lexical words

Question 10

A bundle of phonetic features that characterize a single speech sound

Answer 10

Root Node

Question 11

A consonant or a vowel

Answer 11

Segment

Question 12

What are the elements of syllables?

Answer 12

Onset + Rime

Question 13

The rime of a syllable is made up of what?

Answer 13

Nucleus + Coda

vowel + ending

Question 14

What were the major discoveries made in early phonology research?

Answer 14

Speech sounds are related to each other in terms of production class
Children tend to acquire sounds as classes, rather than individual sounds

Question 15

What are some universal similarities (tendencies) in typical speech sound development?

Answer 15

Order of Sound Class Acquisition is consistent

Question 16

What are some typical universal (tendencies) that are seen in sound class acquisition? (3)

Answer 16

Stops before fricatives
Glides before liquids
Singleton consonants before clusters

Question 17

T/F: Underlying Representations are easy to study.

Answer 17

False. They are not directly observable, so any theories on UR are inferential.

Question 18

Some research suggests that infants may have two URs, one for __________________ words spoken to them and another for ______________ words.

Answer 18

recognizing; producing

Question 19

What linguistic theory translated into clinical practice that focuses on single consonant productions?

Answer 19

Structuralist Theory

Question 20

What theories translated into clinical practice that uses pattern-based treatment approaches?

Answer 20

Phonological Process
or
Rule-Based Theories