Pre-speech Vocalizations, Theories of Developing Speech Sounds (Ch. 4) Flashcards
Consonant-vowel (CV or VC) syllables that resemble speech syllables in that they are characterized by rapid formant transitions and full vowels
Canonical babble
Popping sound created as negative air pressure is equalized
Click
Sound produced with closure along the articulatory tract, resulting in a sound that resembles a consonant
Closant
Reflexive expression of distress with a characteristic respiratory pattern; more intense and loud than fuss or whimper
Cry
Direction of airflow from the lungs outward, during exhalation
Egressive
A vowel with a perceptual quality of a postured articulatory configuration, with deliberate positioning of the mouth and tongue in a speech-like way, yielding a vowel quality distinct from that corresponding to a an at rest position of the tract.
Full Vowel
Reflexive expression of distress, but less intense and loud than crying
Fuss
Phonation interrupted by at least one glottal stop, producing the perception of distinct syllables.
Glottal stop sequence
Sounds formed by primitive tongue closure somewhere in the back of the oral cavity, usually occurring during phonation and often accompanied by either quasivowels or full vowels.
Goo
T/F: Gooing is a special case of canonical babbling.
False. Gooing is a special case of particularly primitive marginal babbling.
Babbled productions that resemble conversational speech in terms of intonational and durational aspects but do not include meaningful words.
Gibberish
Another word for gibberish
jargon
Vocalization with either low fundamental frequency (often with glottal fry) or with fundamental frequency in the speaker’s habitual range accompanied by substantial vocal harshness.
Growl
Direction of airflow inward into the lungs, during inhalation
Ingressive
A reflexive expression of positivity, which, like cry, has a characteristic respiratory pattern but with distinct contours
Laugh (-:
Resembles canonical babble except that it does not include rapid formant transitions from consonant-like element to full vowel.
Marginal babble
Any of the pre-speech vocalizations
Protophone
T/F: Cries and laughs are protophones.
False. Cries and laughs are fixed signals and not considered protophones.
Vowel sound produced with normal phonation and a neutral (unpostured) vocal tract configuration.
Quasivowel
Quasivowels are typically _______________ and _________________.
quiet; short
Trills or vibrants formed most often with the lips or the tongue and lips, and occasionally by the tongue body against the toothless alveolar ridge
Raspberry
Type of canonical babbling where syllables are perceived to be repeated although they are not required to be phonetically identical.
Reduplicated babble
Vocalization produced at a high pitch level, above the habitual range of the vocalizer
Squeal
Type of canonical babbling where successive syllables ore perceived to differ substantially from each other.
Variegated babble
[mami]
What type of babble?
Variegated babble
[dada}
What type of babble?
Reduplicated babble
Vowel-like sound produced by infants (includes quasivowels and full vowels)
Vocant
Unintentional sounds resulting from non-speech behaviors
Vegetative Sounds
Examples of vegetative sounds (4)
Sneeze
Cough
Hiccup
Grunt
Speech or pre-speech utterance that is produced without full voicing
Whisper
Vocalizations produced at high amplitude, above the habitual amplitude range of the vocalizer
Yell
The ______________ ___________________ held that early vocalizations were unrelated to speech.
Discontinuity Theory
What characteristics of prespeech vocalizations show us that they are related to speech?
Protophones are contrastive
Babbling is volitional
In general, how are protophones different from vegetative sounds and fixed signals?
Protophones are volitional, while vegetative/fixed signals are produced reflexively.
What differentiates canonical babbling from marginal babbling?
The transitions between the consonant-like and vowel-like portions of the canonical babble are fast and immediate. In marginal babbling, the transition is gradual.
T/F: a late onset of canonical babbling (after ten months of age) is grounds for clinical concern.
True. These infants are at risk for late onset of talking.
Crying and vegetative sounds are present at what age?
Right after birth
Laughter shows an onset around what age?
4 months
The earliest protophones (quasivowels and occasional glottal stop sequences) occur at what age?
Right after birth
Gooing occurs at what age?
4 months
Full vowels, raspberries, squeals, growls, yells and whispers emerge at what age?
3 months
Canonical stage begins around what age?
6 months
Reasons to believe that protophones are precursors to speech
Only humans produce them
All normally developing infants produce them before speaking
They occur in developmental sequence
Disruption of protophone development is associated with developmental disorders
Linguist who asserted that infant babble was unrelated to the development of speech sounds
Jakobson
“Discontinuity Theory”
T/F: Vegetative sounds are protophones.
False. They are reflexive vocalizations.
