Child Phonology (Dr. Ingram)

Question 1

Draw a distinction between “Articulation Disorder” and “Phonological Disorder”

Answer 1

Articulatory disorder= child cannot produce the sound or sounds.
Phonological disorder= child has an articulation problem with speech sounds, but also shows substitution patterns between URs of the words and their productions.

Question 2

Using a sound as a substitution but not as a correct consonant

Answer 2

Substitution Shift

Question 3

Child produces “shoe” as “su” and “sun” as “tun”-

Articulatory or phonological?

Answer 3

Phonological. The child can produce /s/ but is not using it as a correct consonant.

Question 4

T/F: Substitution shifts and effects of word complexity are part of typical phonological acquisition.

Answer 4

True. They are seen in both typical development and in children having a phonological delay.

Question 5

What are some ways you might determine a child has a phonological disorder as opposed to a delay?

Answer 5

The child with a Phonological disorder might make substitution shifts regardless of word complexity.
This child will attempt to form and use URs, but they are not organized in a typical pattern.

Question 6

A stored representation that provides semantic, syntactic and phonological information for words in one’s “mental dictionary.”

Answer 6

Underlying Representation (UR)

Question 7

In terms of phonology, an UR must have ____________ and ________________ information.

Answer 7

Acoustic; Articulatory

Question 8

A category of sounds that forms the smallest unit of perceptible and non-meaningful sounds in a language. It changes word meaning.

Answer 8

Phoneme

Question 9

The most basic level of phonological structure that places a sound in a natural sound class.

Answer 9

Distinctive Feature

Question 10

Phonological therapy approach method based on Distinctive Features theory

Answer 10

Minimal Pairs

Question 11

In the Distinctive Features Theory, each phoneme in a language consists of a bundle of ___________ ______________.

Answer 11

binary features 
(the phoneme either has + or doesn't have - the feature)

Question 12

A group of language sounds that share a phonetic feature or (usually small) set of features that no other sounds in the language share.

Answer 12

Natural Class

Question 13

What are some whole-word analysis measures used?

Answer 13

pMLU (Phonological Mean Length of Utterance)
PWP (Proportion of Whole Word Proximity)
PCC (Percentage of Consonants Correct)
WWA (Whole Word Accuracy)

Question 14

As children learn more complex words, their PCC:
A) Increases
B) Decreases

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

T/F, when using whole word measures, only a complete match to a correct adult production is counted as correct.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

When calculating PWP, how are points awarded?

How is the final score calculated?

Answer 16

One point for each consonant sound
One point for each vowel sound
One point for each correct consonant sound
One point for each correct vowel sound

Divide child’s score by score of correct adult target