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SHS 585 Artic & Phonology > Phonological Processes > Flashcards

Phonological Processes Flashcards

1
Q

An unstressed syllable is deleted

A

Weak syllable deletion

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2
Q

An entire syllable or part of a syllable is repeated

A

Reduplication

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3
Q

A word (or syllable) final consonant is deleted

A

Final Consonant Deletion

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4
Q

A word initial consonant is deleted

A

Initial Consonant Deletion

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5
Q

A sequence of two or more consonants is simplified, usually by deletion of the more “marked” element

A

Cluster Reduction

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6
Q

Three types of cluster reduction

A

/s/ cluster reduction
nasal cluster reduction
liquid cluster reduction

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7
Q

Features from two adjacent sounds or syllables combine

A

Coalescence

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8
Q

A segment is inserted, often between tow elements of a cluster

A

Epenthesis

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9
Q

Two sounds are reversed

A

Metathesis

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10
Q

One sound is influenced by another and becomes more similar (or identical) to it.

A

Assimilation Processes

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11
Q

Assimilation processes may be ____________ or ______________.

A

regressive; progressive

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12
Q

Three types of assimilation

A

Velar Assimilation
Labial Assimilation
Nasal Assimilation

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13
Q

Sounds are replaced by others produced further forward in the mouth

A

Fronting Processes

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14
Q

Types of fronting processing (2)

A

Depalitalization (Palatal Fronting)

Velar Fronting

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15
Q

Sounds are replaced by others produced further back in the mouth

A

Backing Processes

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16
Q

Types of backing processes

A

Palatalization
Velarization
Alveolarization

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17
Q

Fricatives or affricates are replaced by stops

A

Stopping

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18
Q

Fricatives are replaced by affricates

A

Affrication

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19
Q

Fricatives are replaced by glides

A

Gliding

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20
Q

Affricates are replaced by fricatives

A

Deaffrication

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21
Q

Nonsyllabic liquids are replaced by glides or vowels

A

Liquid Simplification

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22
Q

Syllabic liquids or nasals are replaced by vowels

A

Vocalization

23
Q

Nasals are replaced by homorganic oral stops

A

Denasalization

24
Q

Voiceless obstruents are voiced, usually preceeding a vowel or in word-initial position

A

Voicing

25
Q

Obstruents are devoiced, ususally in final position

A

Devoicing

26
Q

Fricatives are produced with lateral emission or are replaced by a lateral fricative

A

Lateralization

27
Q

Consonant sounds are replaced by glottal stops, usually in intervocalic or final position.

A

Glottal Replacement

28
Q

Several adult sounds are replaced by one sound (or 2 similar sounds) in one or more positions; e.g., all word initial fricatives are replaced by /f/ or all initial continuant sounds are replaced by /j/

A

Neutralization

29
Q

Vowels are raised, lowered, dipthongized, reduced to schwa or neutralized to one particular vowel sound

A

Vowel Changes

30
Q

Phonological Processes that may persist past 5 years of age

A

Stopping

Gliding

31
Q

“bake” /beɪk/ produced as [beɪb]

A

Assimilation (labial)

32
Q

“candy” /kændi/ produced as [næni]

A

Assimilation (manner)

33
Q

“take” /teɪk/ produced as [teɪt]

A

Assimilation (alveolar)

34
Q

“goat” /ɡoʊt/ produced as [koʊt]

A

Assimilation (voicing)

35
Q

“penny” /pɛni/ is produced at [bɛni]

A

Voicing (context sensitive, prevocalic)

36
Q

“tag” /tæɡ/ produced as /tæk/

A

Devoicing (postvocalic)

37
Q

“basket” /bæskɪt/ produced [bæbæ]

“pudding” /pʊdɪŋ/ produced as [pʊpʊ]

A

Reduplication

38
Q

“fit” /fɪt/ is produced as [tʃɪt]

“shoe” /ʃu/ produced as [tʃu]

A

Affrication

39
Q

“do” /du/ is produced as [ɡu]

A

Backing

40
Q

“chip” /tʃɪp/ is produced as [ʃɪp]

“pitch” /pɪtʃ/ is produced as [pɪt]

A

Deaffrication (can also be called stopping when a stop is substituted)

41
Q

“nose” /noʊz/ is produced as [doʊz]

A

Denasalization

42
Q

“fish” /fɪʃ/ is produced as [fɪs]
“match” /mætʃ/ is produced as [mæts]
“shoe” /ʃu/ is produced as [su]

A

Palatal Fronting or Depalatization

43
Q

“car” /kɑɹ/ is produced as [tɑɹ]

A

Velar Fronting

44
Q

“rabbit” /ɹæbɪt/ is produced as [wæbɪt]

“look” /lʊk/ is produced as [wʊk] or [jʊk]

A

Gliding

Also called liquid simplification or liquid deviation

45
Q

“hat” /hæt/ is produced as [hæʔ]

A

Glottal Replacement

46
Q

“sun” /sʌn/ is produced as [tʌn]

“juice” /ʤus/ is produced as [dus]

A

Stopping

when the target is an affricate, this can be referred to as deaffrication

47
Q

“door” /dɔɹ/ is produced as [dɔʊ]

A

Vowelization or Vocalization

48
Q

“dog” /dɑɡ/ is produced at [dʊɡ]

A

Vowel Error

49
Q

“blue” /blu/ is produced as [bəlu]

A

Epenthesis

50
Q

“plane” /pleɪn/ is produced as [peɪn] or [leɪn]

A

Cluster Reduction

51
Q

“bus” /bʌs/ is produced as [bʌ]

A

Final Consonant Deletion

52
Q

“basket” /bæskət/ is produced as [bæksət]

A

Metathesis

53
Q

“stick” /stɪk/ is produced as [tɪks]

A

Migration

54
Q

“giraf” /dʒɪɹæf/ is produced as [ræf]

A

Syllable Deletion

SHS 585 Artic & Phonology (10 decks)

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