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Chemistry > Transition metals > Flashcards

Transition metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of bond is formed between water and copper in a TMI?

A

Co-ordinate bond

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2
Q

How many water molecules surround copper in its TMI?

What is the name of the shape formed?

A

6

Octahedral

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3
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A lone pair e- donor

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4
Q

Name [Cu(H2O)6]2+

A

Hexaaquacopper II

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5
Q

What is the relationship between charge density and acidity?

A

As charge density increases, acidity increases (pH decreases)

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6
Q

Why does HCD increase acidity?

A

As charge density increases, FoA between cations and oxygen in water increases

Weakens O-H bond

H+ can be donated more easily

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7
Q

What type of reaction is the acidification of a hexaaqua ion?

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

What is the equation of the hydolysis of hexaaqua copper II?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + H2O → [Cu(H2O)5(OH)]+ + H2O

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9
Q

Which direction does equilibrium shift if you add an acid to a hexaaqua ion?

A

Left

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10
Q

Which direction does equilibrium shift if you add a base to a hexaaqua ion?

A

Right

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11
Q

Why can bases such as ammonia and carbonate remove more protons than water?

How many protons can these bases remove?

A

They are stronger bases

Removes protons until charge is neutral and ppt forms

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12
Q

Whichbase can remove all protons from a hexaaqua ion even after a ppt forms?

A

OH-

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13
Q

What is a transition metal?

A

D-block element forming 1 or more stable ions with a partially filled D-shell

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14
Q

Do transition metals have a higher or lower bpt than S-block metals?

A

Higher

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15
Q

Name a linear transition metal ion?

A

Tollen’s reagent

[Ag(NH3)2]+

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16
Q

Name a square planar TMI

A

(cis/trans) platin

[Pt(Cl)(NH3)]

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17
Q

Name a tetrahedral TMI

A

[Cu(Cl)4]2-

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18
Q

What is cis-platin used for and why is it more effective than transplatin?

A

Cancer drug

Stereospecificity means it is easier for Cl- to bind to DNA

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19
Q

What is the structure of cisplatin?

A
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20
Q

What is the structure of transplatin?

A
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21
Q

What is the structure of EDTA

A
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22
Q

What is the charge ofo EDTA?

A

4-

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23
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ with EDTA

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + EDTA4- → [Cu(EDTA)]2- + 6H2O

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24
Q

What is the structure of oxylate?

A
25
Q

What type of ligand is oxylate?

A

Bidentate

26
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ with 1 molecule of oxylate?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + C2O42- → [Cu(C2O4)(H2O)4] + 2H2O

27
Q

Describe the appearance of [Cu(C2O4)(H2O)4]

A

light blue ppt

28
Q

What is the planck equation?

A

E = hf

Enery required to move e- to excited state is proportional to the frequency of the light absorbed

29
Q

Write equations for the 2 steps involved in the contact process using a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst

Give the overall equation

A

V2O5 (s) + SO2 → V2O4 + SO3

V2O4 + 1/2O2 → V2O5

Overall equation: SO2 + 1/2O2 → SO3

30
Q

Write equations for the 2 steps involved in the reaction of iodide and peroxodisulfate with an iron catalyst

Give the overall equation

A

S2O82- + 2Fe2+ → 2SO42- + 2Fe3+

2Fe3+ + 2I- → 2Fe2+ + I2

Overall equation: S2O82- + 2I- → 2SO42- + I2

31
Q

Why is the reaction between iodide and peroxodisulfate very slow without a catalyst

A

Both are negative ions and so repel each other

32
Q

Name S2O82-

A

Peroxodislufate

33
Q

What catalyst is used in the reaction between I- and S2O82-

What type of catalysis is this?

A

Fe2+

Homogenous catalysis (all reactants and products are aqueous)

34
Q

What is the catalyst used in the contact process?

What type of catalysis is this?

A

Vanadium (V) oxide V2O5

Heterogenous catalysis

35
Q

What is autocatalysis?

A

The catalyst of the reaction is a reaction product

36
Q

How does the rate of an autocatalysed reaction change with time?

A

Initial rate of reaction very slow

then speeds up

37
Q

Write the 2 steps involved in the reaction of maganate and ethanedioate with an Mn2+ catalyst

Give the overall equation

A

MnO4- + 8H+ + 4Mn2+ → 5Mn3+ + 4H2O

2Mn3+ + C2O42- → 2Mn2+ + 2CO2

Overall: MnO4- + 5C2O42- + 16H+ → 2Mn2+ + 5CO2 + 8H2O

38
Q

What is the catalyst in the reaction between manganate(VII) and ethanedioate?

What type of catalysis is this?

A

Mn2+

Autocatalysis

39
Q

What colour is manganate (VII)?

A

Purple

40
Q

How does poisoning reduce the effectivness of a heterogenous catalyst?

A

Attaches to surface, therefore reducing the surface area

41
Q

How can poisonning be minimised in heterogenous catalysis?

A

Purify reactants

42
Q

What property of transition metals allows them to act as catalysts?

A

Variable oxidation states

43
Q

State and explain one risk associated with using cisplatin as an anti-cancer drug

A

May kill healthy cells by attaching to their DNA

44
Q

State the product formed when [Co(NH3)6]2+ reacts with H2O2

Describe the appearance of this complex

What is the role of H2O2 in this reaction?

A

[Co(NH3)6]3+

Dark brown solution

Oxidising agent

45
Q

What is the formula of the product when [Co(NH3)6]2+ reacts with excess H2N(CH2)2NH2

Explain why this compund is very stable

A

[Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2+

Entropy change is positive

46
Q

What is the term for a substance that can act as both an acid and a base?

A

Amphoteric

47
Q

Write equations for the reaction between:

  • Aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid
  • Aluminium oxide and sodium hydroxide
A

Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 3H2O + 2NaAl(OH)4

48
Q

Define homogenous

A

Same phase/state

49
Q

Define complex ion

A

Has ligands linked by co-ordinate bonds

50
Q

In terms of electrons, explain why an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) sulfate has a red colour

A

Blue light is absorbed (from incident white light)

Due to electrons moving to higher levels / electrons excited

Red light that remains is reflected

51
Q

Write an equation to show how copper metal can be extracted from a dilute aqueous solution containing copper(II) ions using scrap iron

Give the intial and final colour

A

Cu2+(aq) + Fe(s) → Cu(s) + Fe2+(aq)

Initial: blue

Final: green

52
Q

What property of transition metals makes them coloured?

A

Partially filled D-shell

53
Q

Define multidentate

A

Forms two or more co-ordinate bonds

54
Q
A
55
Q

Explain why [Cu(H2O)6]2+ is blue

A

Absorbs certain frequencies of light

d electrons excited

Blue light transmitted

56
Q

Ionic equation for the reaction of dichromate ions with iron (II)

A

Cr2O72- + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+

57
Q

Ionic equation for Chromium and iron

A

C2O72- + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+

58
Q

Half equation for reduction of manganate

A

MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Chemistry (22 decks)

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