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Chemistry > Combustion of alkanes > Flashcards

Combustion of alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

name 7 pollutants released by the combustion of crude oil

A 
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide  
Nitrogen oxides 
Sulfur dioxide 
Carbon particulates 
Unburnt hydrocarbons
Water vapour
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2
Q

How is CO produced?

A

Incomplete combustion

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3
Q

Why is CO harmful?

A

It binds to haemoglobin and replaces oxygen in the blood, which means that cells cannot respire

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4
Q

How are nitrogen oxides produced?

A

In petrol engines under high temperatures and high pressure

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5
Q

Why are nitrogen oxides harmful?

A

They react with water and oxygen to form nitric acid which contributes to acid rain

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6
Q

How is sulphur dioxide formed?

A

Sulfur impurities in crude oil

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7
Q

Why is sulphur dioxide harmful?

A

Sulphur dioxide reacts with water and

oxygen to form sulphuric acid which contributes to acid rain

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8
Q

Why are carbon particulates harmful?

A

They exacerbate asthma and cause cancer

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9
Q

Why are unburnt hydrocarbons harmful?

A

Contribute to photochemical smog which causes a variety of health problems

Greenhouse gas so contributes to climate change

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10
Q

Why is water vapour harmful?

A

Greenhouse gas so contributes to climate change

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11
Q

Why is carbon dioxide harmful?

A

Greenhouse gas so contributes to climate change

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12
Q

What is the term for gases released from power stations?

A

Flue gas

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13
Q

What happens in flue gas desulfurisation?

A

Calcium oxide/calcium carbonate and water are sprayed into the flue gas

Calcium sulfate (gypsum) is produced which is used to make plaster

(If calcium oxide is used then calcium sulfite is formed (CaSO3 and must be further oxidised to CaSO4)

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14
Q

What is the overall equation for flue gas desulfurisation using calcium oxide?

A

CaO + 2H2O +SO2 +0.5O2 —–> CaSO4.2H2O

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15
Q

What is the overall equation for flue gas desulfurisation using calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3 + 0.5O2 + SO2 ——> CaSO4 + CO2

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16
Q

What harmful gaswes are released by cars?

A

Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons

17
Q

What metal is used to coat the catalytic converter?

A

Platinum or rhodium

18
Q

Why does the catalytic converter have a honeycomb structure?

A

to increase its SA

19
Q

What 2 reactions occur in the catalytic converter?

A

Carbon monoxide + nitrogen oxide ——> nitrogen + carbon dioxide

Hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxide ——> nitrogen + carbon dioxide + water

Chemistry (22 decks)

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