Transgenics

Question 1

what is transgenics

Answer 1

an organism in which new genetic materical has been experimentally introduced into germ cells

Question 2

For it to be a transgenic organism DNA must:

Answer 2

integrated
transcubed
translated
expressed in correct tisuuse
inherited by offspring

Question 3

what is transgenic bacteria

Answer 3

• human insulin produced by bacteria and harvested to make humulin
• eukaryote gene in prokaryote

Question 4

what problesm can occur in eukaryote genes in prokaryotes

Answer 4

• introns get removed
  add signal sequence to secret
• protein recovery
• protein active - various codon alternative
  post transitional modification

Question 5

what is in a DNA construct?

Answer 5

1. gene
2. promoter: signlas the attachment of RNA polymerase (when, where and how much to add)
3. also can add - reporter gene, signal sequences

Question 6

whats in a transgenic plant

Answer 6

green fluorescent protein (GFP) added as a reporter gene to DNA construct
desired transgene meant to increase shelf-life of tomatoes

Question 7

what different types of transgenic plants are there

Answer 7

flair-savr tomatoes
herbacide resistance
insect resistance
improving nutrition
reducing disease

Question 8

what are methods for transgenic animals

Answer 8

viral transfer - cell culture and nuclear transfer
somatic cell nuclear transfer - cell culture nuclear transfer
Microinjection - DNA microinjected into pronucleus of egg

Question 9

what is aqubounty salmon

Answer 9

growth hormone added into salmon
reaches market size in half the time
approved by heath canada and FDA

Question 10

what is enviropig

Answer 10

phytase gene into pigs
secreted in saliva
transmitted into offspring
65% less phosphorous in the manure
not aloud in the food chain

Question 11

what is xenotransplantation

Answer 11

knockout of alpha gal gene to prevent rejection of the organ
addition of human genes
addition of pig organ into human

Question 12

transgenic dairy cow

Answer 12

resistance to mastitis
transgene = lysostaphin antibacterial protein that attacks the cell wall of
secreted in mammary glands

Question 13

transgenic chicken

Answer 13

avian bird flu
hairpin RNA
replication defective so the birds die with the disease but its not passed on

Question 14

what is the biggest problem with trasngenic

Answer 14

public acceptability
europe opposed

Question 15

what is method 1 in gene therapy

Answer 15

take biopsy from patient
alter cells by adding correct gene
put cells back into the patient

Question 16

what is method 2 in gene therapy

Answer 16

deliver viral vector with corrected gene to target tissue
correcting blindness - stop codon, vitamin A and photoreceptor responde to light - inject into subretinal space - vision restored

Question 17

what is CRISPR

Answer 17

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- requences discovered in the bacterial system to detect and defenc against visues

Question 18

what is CAS

Answer 18

small clusters of cas genes located next to crispr sequences that cleave DNA
instead or cutting viral dna it can cut any squence
and it can swap out a sequence