Animal Breeding and Genetics

Question 1

What is Domestication?

Answer 1

Process of adapting wild plants and animals to live in association with humans

Question 2

What are animal domestication requirements?

Answer 2

feeding (nutrition), animal health (medicine) and selection of stock (breeding and genetics)

Question 3

Why selective breeding?

Answer 3

improve growth and performance

Question 4

Why preventative medicine?

Answer 4

for culling decisions ( not always killing) but few genetic diseases are treatable

Question 5

How to you control herd population?

Answer 5

mating systems, selection methods and selection techniques

Question 6

Who is seeking genetic advice and what is there primaty product?

Answer 6

purebred breeders and their primary produt is genes

Question 7

Draw the congenital symbol. What is it?

Answer 7

present at birth

Question 8

draw the inherited symbol

Answer 8

in notes

Question 9

draw the familial symbol

Answer 9

in notes

Question 10

Why is family history important? what does it tell us?

Answer 10

age of parenst, number of previous offspring(normal or abnormal) sex of all affecteds, number of miscarriages and stillbirths, breed

Question 11

What is an autosomal trait

Answer 11

recessive and dominant trait

Question 12

what is a sex linked trait

Answer 12

on the X or Y chromosome in mammals and Z and W in birds
(can also be dominant or recessive)

Question 13

What are some autosomal dominant generalizaions?

Answer 13

most non-enzyme protein disorders , variable expressivity (can be expressed in different intensitys), reduced of incomplete penetrance (present or absent), many are the result of a new mutation, homozygot is often lethal

Question 14

What is an example of variable expresivity?

Answer 14

Manz cats - show quality will have the ideal manx as tailless but some are only missing some tail vertebres resulting in different lengths - Mm

Question 15

what is another example of variable expressivity

Answer 15

belt galloway cattle - theres a dominant allele for the presence of a belt, but many times it doesnt continuously show all the way around- this is unacceptable in the show community, it has to be continous around the body

Question 16

what is the difference between full and reduced penetrance?

Answer 16

full - all individuals witht the allele exoress the phenotype
Reduced - not all individuals will show the phenotype - 70% penetrance = 70% with the allele express the phenotype

Question 17

what is disease with reduced penetrance?

Answer 17

canine gallbladder mucoceles, dominant with reduced penetrance, a rare disease that only affects certain dog breeds (shetlands, cairn terrier and pomeranians

Question 18

what are some examples of homozygous Lethal mutations?

Answer 18

manx cats(MM), mexican hairless dogs,chinese crusted (PP) Over and camarillo(OO) horses

Question 19

What is an ethical mating choice?

Answer 19

MmXMm - produces 50% but with a hoozygous dominant out come
mmXMm also 50% but doesnt have a death
contradicts best to best mating